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Perbandingan Ceftriaxone dan Ciprofloxacin dalam Tata Laksana Infeksi Saluran Kemih: Tinjauan Pustaka Maya Ganda Ratna; Sinta Nurmalasari; Meta Tri Yana; Alvina Christy Maretta; Mariani Mariani; Fiola Yonandes; Alfiya Farah Anindhita
JURNAL RISET RUMPUN ILMU KEDOKTERAN Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): April: Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran
Publisher : Pusat riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/jurrike.v5i1.8152

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection that requires appropriate antibiotic management to prevent complications and antimicrobial resistance. Ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin are commonly used antibiotics with different clinical indications in UTI treatment. This literature review aims to compare the role of ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin in the management of urinary tract infections. A narrative literature review was conducted using articles published within the last ten years from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The review focuses on clinical effectiveness, resistance patterns, and therapeutic considerations. The findings indicate that ceftriaxone is primarily used in moderate to severe or complicated UTIs, particularly in hospitalized patients, whereas ciprofloxacin is more frequently used in uncomplicated UTIs in outpatient settings. However, increasing bacterial resistance and safety concerns limit the empirical use of ciprofloxacin. These findings emphasize the importance of rational antibiotic selection based on clinical conditions and local resistance patterns.  
Analisis Fitokimia Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) dengan Pelarut Etanol 70% Meta Tri Yana
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2025): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 12.2 (2025)
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.v12i2.959

Abstract

Background: Papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) are a medicinal plant containing various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, which play a role in biological activities, including antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Phytochemical analysis is necessary to identify the active compounds extracted by specific solvents. 70% ethanol was chosen because it effectively dissolves both polar and semipolar compounds. Methods: This study used a qualitative method by extracting dried papaya leaves through maceration with 70% ethanol. The resulting extract was then phytochemically tested using specific reagents to identify compounds such as alkaloids (Mayer and Wagner), flavonoids (Mg-HCl test), tannins (FeCl?), saponins (foam test), and steroids and terpenoids (Liebermann–Burchard). Results: The test results showed that the 70% ethanol extract of papaya leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, while steroids were not detected. Discussion: The phytochemical content found in papaya leaves contributes to their potential bioactivity, particularly as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Ethanol 70% has been shown to be effective in extracting active compounds due to its semipolar nature. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of 70% papaya leaves contains various important phytochemical compounds that support its potential as a natural source for the development of herbal medicines and health products.