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All Journal KAMASEAN: Jurnal Teologi Kristen Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia
Dirk Roy Kolibu
Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Religion Other

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Realize a dialogical and transformative Christian education in the context of pluralism Udur Ernita Aritonang; Dirk Roy Kolibu
JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia) Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia)
Publisher : Indonesian Institute for Counseling, Education and Theraphy (IICET)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29210/020256465

Abstract

This article examines the urgency of dialogical and transformative Christian Religious Education (PAK) in the context of a pluralistic society. It examines the thoughts of Paul F. Knitter and Pahala J. Simanjuntak as representatives of the theology of interreligious dialogue and prophetic educational practice in Indonesia. Knitter's idea of ​​mutual transformation in the theology of religions offers a new paradigm for the existence of Christian faith amidst plurality, while Simanjuntak's approach emphasizes the importance of contextual, liberating, and social justice-oriented Christian education. This article employs a qualitative approach with a critical-hermeneutic analysis of the main works of both figures, and examines them within the framework of Paulo Freire's pluralistic theology of religions and critical pedagogy. The results demonstrate that the integration of dialogical theology and transformative pedagogy enables the realization of PAK that not only maintains the authentic identity of the Christian faith but also opens itself to interreligious dynamics and global humanitarian challenges. Thus, Christian Education can become a field of liberatory practice that brings together spirituality, critical reflection, and social transformation in the light of the Gospel.
From heresy to liberty: The political trajectory of Unitarian theology and its contemporary relevance Gilbert Timothy Majesty; Demsy Jura; Dirk Roy Kolibu
KAMASEAN: Jurnal Teologi Kristen Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34307/kamasean.v6i2.406

Abstract

This study analyzes the political trajectory of Unitarian theology from heresy to liberty and its contemporary relevance. Employing a qualitative descriptive analysis method, the findings reveal: The Origin and Development of Unitarianism, tracing its roots from early anti-Trinitarian thought (such as Arianism) to its crystallization during the Reformation through figures like Michael Servetus, and its evolution into a liberal movement in America. The Theological and Political Conflict with Trinitarianism is multidimensional; the rejection of the Trinity was perceived as a challenge to both ecclesiastical and state authority, inciting persecution and influencing political stability. Religious Freedom in the Modern Era demonstrates a paradigm shift: from a persecuted minority, Unitarianism became an architect of religious freedom thought and the separation of church and state, particularly within the Enlightenment and American constitutional contexts. The Socio-Political Implications of its doctrine are significant, fostering democracy, pluralism, social justice, and rational education. The response of the Orthodox or Catholic Church consistently rejects Unitarianism as a modern form of Arianism that threatens orthodoxy and social order. The study concludes that Unitarianism’s journey is not merely a theological evolution but a dynamic reflection of the dialectic among religious belief, political power, and civil liberty in Western history, while also offering a critical lens for understanding challenges to religious freedom in states with institutionalized theological orthodoxy.
Co-Authors Demsy Jura Gilbert Timothy Majesty Udur Ernita Aritonang