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The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Stress Levels Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Health Belief Model-Based Study Suhendra Agung Wibowo; Dimas Hadi Prayoga; Ronal Surya Aditya; Apriana Rahmawati; Ifa Nofalia
Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ) Vol. 3 No. 6 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : KHD Production

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53713/htechj.v3i6.513

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) imposes not only physical but also substantial psychological burdens, particularly stress, which may compromise treatment adherence and outcomes. While the Health Belief Model (HBM) has been widely applied to predict TB treatment behaviors, its utility in explaining how sociodemographic factors shape stress levels remains underexplored. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and stress among 150 pulmonary TB patients in Jombang Regency, Indonesia, using the HBM as a theoretical lens. Stress was assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–42 (DASS-42), with 62.7% of participants reporting moderate to severe stress. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses revealed that education (p = 0.012; OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.10–3.25), marital status (p = 0.021; OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.05–2.80), and occupation (p = 0.008; OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.30–4.60) were significantly associated with stress levels, whereas age and gender were not (p > 0.05). Occupation emerged as the strongest predictor, with unemployed or informally employed patients more than twice as likely to experience high stress. These findings underscore the role of perceived barriers and self-efficacy—core HBM constructs shaped by sociodemographic context—in influencing psychological distress. Integrating tailored psychosocial support into TB care is essential to mitigate stress and enhance treatment success.
Early mental health exposure and clinical readiness of nursing students: A qualitative study Bagus Dwi Cahyono; Ronal Surya Aditya; Nurul Huda; Apriana Rahmawati; Evy Aristawati
Nursing and Health Sciences Journal (NHSJ) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : KHD-Production

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53713/nhsj.v6i2.708

Abstract

Early experiential exposure is increasingly advocated to enhance psychiatric clinical readiness; however, empirical evidence regarding real-world social rehabilitation settings remains limited, particularly within low- and middle-income countries where clinical placements are often delayed. This study examined nursing students’ learning experiences and perceived clinical readiness following early exposure to individuals with mental disorders in a community rehabilitation setting. A qualitative descriptive design utilizing reflexive thematic analysis was conducted with 35 third-semester Diploma nursing students in East Java, Indonesia. Purposive sampling achieved thematic saturation at 28 interviews. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, adhering strictly to COREQ reporting standards to ensure methodological transparency. Findings delineated a developmental trajectory from initial stigma and anxiety toward empathy, therapeutic confidence, and clinical preparedness. Four interconnected themes emerged: (1) attitudinal reconstruction regarding mental illness, (2) emerging relational agency in therapeutic communication, (3) cognitive-affective integration of theoretical constructs, and (4) transitional clinical readiness. Supervised face-to-face engagement within a supportive rehabilitation environment, facilitated stigma deconstruction, and cultivated adaptive interpersonal competencies. It contextualized abstract classroom knowledge through authentic patient interaction, thereby bridging the theory-practice divide. Early structured exposure transcends passive observation, functioning as a transformative pedagogical mechanism that synchronizes affective, cognitive, and relational development. Systematically embedding community-based experiential learning prior to acute psychiatric placements is critical to optimizing global clinical readiness, mitigating entrenched stigma, and advancing recovery-oriented nursing curricula worldwide, particularly in resource-constrained educational systems
The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Stress Levels Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Health Belief Model-Based Study Suhendra Agung Wibowo; Dimas Hadi Prayoga; Ronal Surya Aditya; Apriana Rahmawati; Ifa Nofalia
Health and Technology Journal (HTechJ) Vol. 3 No. 6 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : KHD Production

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53713/htechj.v3i6.513

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) imposes not only physical but also substantial psychological burdens, particularly stress, which may compromise treatment adherence and outcomes. While the Health Belief Model (HBM) has been widely applied to predict TB treatment behaviors, its utility in explaining how sociodemographic factors shape stress levels remains underexplored. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and stress among 150 pulmonary TB patients in Jombang Regency, Indonesia, using the HBM as a theoretical lens. Stress was assessed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–42 (DASS-42), with 62.7% of participants reporting moderate to severe stress. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses revealed that education (p = 0.012; OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.10–3.25), marital status (p = 0.021; OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.05–2.80), and occupation (p = 0.008; OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.30–4.60) were significantly associated with stress levels, whereas age and gender were not (p > 0.05). Occupation emerged as the strongest predictor, with unemployed or informally employed patients more than twice as likely to experience high stress. These findings underscore the role of perceived barriers and self-efficacy—core HBM constructs shaped by sociodemographic context—in influencing psychological distress. Integrating tailored psychosocial support into TB care is essential to mitigate stress and enhance treatment success.