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All Journal International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Journal of Innovative and Creativity
Taty Sugiarti
Universitas Pasundan
Religion Humanities Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Social Sciences Other

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Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (Onrechtmatige Daad) dalam Konteks Pelanggaran Parkir: Kajian dari Perspektif Hukum Perdata Taty Sugiarti
Journal of Innovative and Creativity Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/joecy.v5i2.2152

Abstract

Pelanggaran parkir oleh kendaraan roda empat yang memarkirkan kendaraannya tidak pada tempat yang semestinya telah menjadi permasalahan serius di Kota Bandung. Fenomena ini tidak hanya mengganggu ketertiban umum dan arus lalu lintas, tetapi juga menimbulkan kerugian bagi masyarakat, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelanggaran parkir dalam perspektif hukum perdata sebagai suatu bentuk perbuatan melawan hukum (onrechtmatige daad) sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1365 KUH Perdata. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris dengan studi kasus di beberapa kawasan padat lalu lintas di Kota Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tindakan parkir sembarangan dapat dikualifikasikan sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum apabila memenuhi unsur-unsur pelanggaran hukum, kesalahan, kerugian, dan hubungan kausal antara perbuatan dan kerugian yang ditimbulkan. Selain itu, korban dari pelanggaran parkir dapat mengajukan gugatan perdata untuk menuntut ganti rugi kepada pelaku. Namun, dalam praktiknya, penegakan hukum perdata terhadap pelanggaran parkir di Kota Bandung masih menghadapi kendala, terutama dalam pembuktian kerugian dan identifikasi pelaku. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan adanya sinergi antara penegakan hukum pidana administratif dan optimalisasi mekanisme gugatan perdata untuk memberikan efek jera serta perlindungan hukum yang adil bagi masyarakat terdampak.
Non-Refoulement, Environmental Displacement, and the Limits of State Sovereignty: Legal Obligations Beyond the Refugee Convention Framework Taty Sugiarti; Ihsanul Maarif
International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : CV. RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21354916

Abstract

The principle of non-refoulement is traditionally associated with Article 33 of the 1951 Refugee Convention, yet contemporary displacement increasingly occurs outside the classical refugee framework. In addition to persecution and armed conflict, people may be forced to move because of environmental degradation, climate-related disasters, ecological vulnerability, loss of livelihood, and conditions that threaten human dignity and survival. This article examines how non-refoulement develops beyond the Refugee Convention, particularly in relation to environmental displacement and the limits of State sovereignty. It addresses three research questions: how non-refoulement operates under customary international law and international human rights law; to what extent its core content may be linked to jus cogens; and how it limits State discretion in migration control, environmental governance, and protection of displaced persons. This study uses normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and case-law approaches. It examines international treaties, human rights instruments, environmental law principles, peremptory norms, judicial decisions, and recent scholarship on externalized migration control and climate-induced displacement. The findings show that non-refoulement functions as a multi-source obligation through three layers: the customary baseline binding all States, the human rights non-derogability layer protecting all persons from irreparable harm, and the jus cogens core prohibiting removal to peremptory violations such as torture, genocide, slavery, and crimes against humanity. The article contributes by formulating a three-layer normative convergence test and by linking non-refoulement to environmental displacement, sustainable development, and the legal limits of sovereignty.
Co-Authors Ihsanul Maarif