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Social Justice and Human Rights: A Legal Perspective Setiawan , Andri Herman; Sunandar, Firman Nurdiansyah; Fajar, Ahmad
Journal of Law and Social Politics Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Law and Social Politics
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/jlsp.v3i1.59

Social justice and human rights are fundamental principles that shape the legal and political frameworks of modern societies. This study explores the legal dimensions of social justice and human rights by examining their conceptual foundations, international legal instruments, and practical implications in national legal systems. The research delves into the interplay between human rights law and social justice theories, highlighting the role of legal institutions in promoting equality, non-discrimination, and access to justice. Furthermore, it analyzes contemporary challenges such as economic disparities, marginalized communities, and state obligations under international human rights treaties. Through a doctrinal legal approach, this study reviews relevant legal frameworks, case law, and scholarly debates to provide a comprehensive understanding of how social justice is realized through the law. The findings underscore the necessity of a rights-based legal framework to address structural inequalities and ensure the protection of fundamental freedoms for all individuals. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on legal mechanisms that enhance social justice within the broader context of human rights law.

Justice in Employment Law : A Philosophical Study of the Relationship Between Employers and Employees Andri Herman Setiawan; Firman Nurdiyansyah Sunandar; Ahmad Juaeni; Johannes Triestanto
International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): March : International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
Publisher : Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijlcj.v2i1.529

This study examines justice in employment law from the perspective of legal philosophy, focusing on the relationship between employers and workers in Indonesia. Based on Article 27 paragraph (2) and Article 28D paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, justice in employment relations is considered as one of the manifestations of human rights that must be guaranteed by the state. However, in practice, the imbalance in the bargaining position between employers and workers often creates injustice, especially in wages, job protection, and the fulfillment of basic workers' rights. Through a legal philosophy approach, this study analyzes the application of the concepts of distributive, commutative, and retributive justice in employment relations. The results of the study show that although employment regulations, such as Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Employment, have attempted to create justice, their implementation still faces various obstacles, including weak supervision and bias towards economic interests. This study has theoretical benefits in deepening the study of legal philosophy related to justice in industrial relations, as well as practical benefits in providing recommendations for policy makers to improve employment regulations. Thus, this research is expected to be a foundation for creating fairer and more balanced working relationships in Indonesia.

Regulation of Digital Employment Contracts in the Era of Digitalization : Legal and Legal Studies Implications for Worker Protection Firman Nurdiyansyah Sunandar; Andri Herman Setiawan; Ahmad Juaeni; Johannes Triestanto
International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): March : International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
Publisher : Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijlcj.v2i1.530

The development of digitalization has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including employment relations. One of the innovations that has emerged is the use of digital employment contracts as a replacement for paper-based contracts. Digital employment contracts offer flexibility and efficiency in modern employment relations. However, in Indonesia, legal regulations related to digital employment contracts still face major challenges, considering the absence of regulations that specifically accommodate this mechanism. Article 52 of Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower only regulates the requirements for the validity of an employment contract without mentioning the use of electronic documents, while Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) has recognized the validity of electronic documents. This study aims to analyze the regulation of digital employment contracts in Indonesia, compare them with regulations in other countries, and provide policy recommendations to ensure legal protection for workers in the digitalization era. The method used is a normative legal approach with comparative legal analysis of countries such as the European Union and the United States. The results of the study show that although digital employment contracts are legally valid in Indonesia, there are still legal gaps related to the protection of workers' rights, supervision of implementation, and protection of personal data. Therefore, it is necessary to update regulations that are adaptive to technological developments, including the integration of the principles of justice, legal certainty, and protection of workers' rights in digital employment contracts.

Implications of Automation and Artificial Intelligence for Employment Law Politics Firman Nurdiyansyah Sunandar; Andri Herman Setiawan; Ahmad Juaeni; Johannes Triestanto
International Journal of Sociology and Law Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): May : International Journal of Sociology and Law
Publisher : Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijsl.v2i2.531

This study aims to examine the implications of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) on employment law politics in Indonesia, as well as their impact on employment structures and relationships. Along with rapid technological advances, especially in the fields of automation and AI, the world of employment is undergoing significant transformations that affect work models, employment contract arrangements, and worker protection. This study will identify how these technologies affect employment relationships, creating new opportunities, but also threatening the sustainability of jobs in certain sectors. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis to understand the dynamics of change resulting from automation and AI, and their legal implications for workers and companies. The main focus of this study is to assess the extent to which employment policies in Indonesia can accommodate the new challenges arising from this technological shift, and how the existing employment law system needs to adapt to remain relevant and effective. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to policymakers, legal practitioners, and academics, by providing recommendations on how employment policies in Indonesia can be updated to anticipate the negative impacts of technology, protect workers' rights, and create social justice in an increasingly digitalized world of work. This research will also provide an overview of the role of technology in shaping future industrial relations and regulations, and propose a legal framework that is adaptive to the development of automation and artificial intelligence in Indonesia.

LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEGALITY OF MODIFYING AND RESELLING CREATIVE COMMONS-LICENSED DIGITAL PRODUCTS Nurdiyansyah Sunandar, Firman; Herman Setiawan, Andri; Juaeni, Ahmad; Triestanto, Johannes
Multidisciplinary Indonesian Center Journal (MICJO) Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Vol. 2 No. 3 Edisi Juli 2025
Publisher : PT. Jurnal Center Indonesia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62567/micjo.v2i3.1150

The rapid proliferation of digital markets has intensified legal challenges surrounding the modification and resale of Creative Commons–licensed digital products in Indonesia. This study conducts a doctrinal analysis of the Indonesian Copyright ActLaw No. 28 of 2014) in light of comparative jurisprudence from Japan, Taiwan, and the United States, elucidating how civil-law and common-law systems treat CC licenses. It examines recurring issues ambiguities in “derivative works,” conflicts between non-commercial and commercial exploitation clauses, and failures to observe attribution requirements through practical case studies of software, e-books, music, and video tutorials. Drawing on Satjipto Rahardjo’s progressive legal theory, the research argues for a functional, transformative approach that aligns domestic copyright doctrine with globally harmonized open-licensing principles and substantive justice. The analysis reveals that, under Indonesian law, permissibility hinges on strict adherence to each license’s specific terms; however, current regulations lack clarity, generating legal uncertainty for both creators and users. To address these gaps, the study proposes interpretative guidelines and legislative reforms that (1) define “derivative works” in accord with CC International’s porting model, (2) reconcile non-commercial provisions with legitimate digital markets, and (3) institutionalize attribution standards. Such measures would safeguard creators’ moral and economic rights while fostering equitable digital access and innovation, thereby enhancing Indonesia’s knowledge economy.

Data Arbitration in the Digital Economy: The Need for a Specialized Data Dispute Arbitration Forum in Indonesia Firman Nurdiyansyah Sunandar; Andri Herman Setiawan; Ahmad Juaeni; Johannes Triestanto
International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): September : International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
Publisher : Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijlcj.v2i3.722

The rapid expansion of Indonesia’s digital economy and the enactment of the Personal Data Protection Law (Law 27/2022) have exposed significant shortcomings in the resolution of data-related disputes under existing judicial and administrative frameworks. Public adjudication of sensitive data conflicts can erode trust, impose reputational damage, and delay reparative outcomes, while courts often lack specialized expertise in technology and privacy. Drawing upon international precedents including the European Data Protection Board’s Article 65 GDPR mechanism, the EU–US Data Privacy Framework arbitration annex, and the European Patent Office’s data-protection arbitration rules this study examines the urgency and feasibility of establishing a dedicated Data Dispute Arbitration Forum in Indonesia. Through comparative analysis, it identifies core design elements such as expert-appointed tribunals, streamlined online procedures, confidentiality safeguards, clear enforcement under the New York Con-vention, and mechanisms for restorative remedies beyond fines. Anchored in Pancasila’s social-justice ethos and Indonesia’s ADR law (Law 30/1999) and ITE Law, the proposed institutional architecture integrates online dispute resolution (ODR) protocols, data-minimization and cybersecurity guidelines, and publicly anonymized award publication to foster legal certainty and raise awareness of data-protection obligations. A stakeholder impact assessment demonstrates that such a forum would benefit individual data subjects through low-cost, expeditious relief; controllers and processors through predictability and trade-secret protection; regulators through expert findings; and foreign investors through alignment with global data-governance standards. By aligning domestic legal values with international best practices, the specialized forum promises to bolster enforcement, restore public trust, and strengthen Indonesia’s competitiveness in the global digital marketplace.

Analysis of Digital Employment Contracts on Gig Economy Platforms: Between Flexibility and Exploitation Andri Herman Setiawan; Firman Nurdiyansyah Sunandar; Ahmad Juaeni; Johannes Triestanto
International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): September : International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice
Publisher : Asosiasi Penelitian dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62951/ijlcj.v2i3.723

This research examines the legal framework governing digital employment contracts on gig economy platforms, with particular focus on the tension between operational flexibility and worker protection within the Indonesian legal context. The study employs comparative legal analysis methodology, exam-ining Indonesia's regulatory approach against international frameworks including the European Union's Platform Work Directive (2024), California's AB5 legislation, France's flexicurity model, and Spain's Rider Law. The research analyzes the employment status classification challenges faced by approximately 2.5 million Indonesian gig workers who operate within a legal gray area between traditional employment and genuine self-employment. The investigation reveals that Indonesia's current regulatory framework lacks comprehensive provisions addressing platform-mediated work relationships, creating significant legal ambiguity regarding worker rights and protections. Through comparative analysis, the study demonstrates that jurisdictions implementing presumption-based employment tests, such as California's ABC test, have successfully reduced misclassification by reversing the burden of proof onto hiring entities. The research identifies that the absence of clear classification criteria in Indonesian law undermines constitutional principles of social justice and equal protection as enshrined in Articles 27(2) and 28D(2) of the 1945 Constitution.The study concludes that Indonesia requires adaptive legislation that establishes rebuttable presumptions of employment for platform workers while maintaining appropriate flexibility for genuine entrepreneurial activities. The primary legal insight reveals that effective regulatory frameworks must in-corporate algorithmic transparency requirements, collective bargaining mechanisms, and social security provisions. The research recommends implementing a presumption-based classification system similar to the ABC test, coupled with mandatory platform engagement with elected worker representatives on tariffs and working conditions, thereby ensuring fundamental labor protections without stifling technological innovation.

ASPEK YURIDIS PEMUTUSAN HUBUNGAN KERJA (PHK) DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG PENYELESAIAN PERSELISIHAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2023 TENTANG PENETAPAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH PENGGANTI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR Andri Herman Setiawan
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 4 No. 2: Juli 2024
Publisher : Bajang Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53625/jirk.v4i2.8471

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum dan upaya hukum terhadap hak-hak tenaga kerja yang mengalami Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja PHK. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif, dengan data tertulis yang diuraikan untuk memberikan gambaran menyeluruh. Pendekatan yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan undang-undang, yang menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dari pengertian hubungan kerja tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa hubungan kerja sebagai bentuk hubungan hukum yang lahir atau tercipta setelah adanya perjanjian kerja antara pekerja/buruh dengan pengusaha. Permasalahan tenaga kerja dari tahun ke tahun sangat menarik perhatian banyak pihak, permasalahan tenaga kerja ini banyak menimbulkan konflik-konflik antara pihak pengusaha dan pihak pekerja/buruh. Seperti kasus-kasus pelecehan seksual, kekerasan terhadap pekerja wanita, penipuan, upah yang tidak sesuai standar, bahkan kasus pemecatan (PHK) yang semena-mena. semakin hari semakin banyak kasus-kasus tersebut menimpa para pekerja/buruh. Kasus tersebut penting mendapatkan perspektif perlindungan dari pemerintah, hak-hak asasi tenaga kerja/buruh sudah tertuang dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan yang secara tegas tertuang dan memberikan perlindungan bagi hak-hak tenaga kerja.

A Legal Analysis of Children's Personal Data Protection in AI-Based Education Platforms in Indonesia Mu’min, Halek; Setiawan, Andri Herman; Sahputra, Eko Siswo Adi
Indonesian Cyber Law Review Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Cyber Law Review
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/iclr.v3i1.42

This study aims to analyze the protection of children's personal data in artificial intelligence (AI)-based educational platforms in Indonesia through a normative juridical approach using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach to GDPR-K, COPPA, and the AI Act. The research focuses on legal regulations related to children's data, the implementation of protection by AI-based EdTech platforms, the risk of child data misuse, and the adequacy and effectiveness of national regulations. The results of the study indicate that although Indonesia has a Personal Data Protection Law as the main legal framework, the regulation does not yet provide specific protection for children's data, especially regarding automatic profiling, verification of parental consent, algorithmic audits, and restrictions on data use for commercial purposes. Comparison with international standards also shows that Indonesian regulations are still general and do not meet the principle of preventive protection that is characteristic of global regulations. This study concludes the need to develop derivative regulations related to children's data, technical guidelines for data processing by AI, and the establishment of an effective oversight mechanism to minimize the risk of data misuse and ensure the fulfillment of the principle of the best interest of the child in the digital education ecosystem.

Penyelesaian Perselisihan Upah Dalam Hubungan Industrial di Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-undang 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan dan Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 Tentang Cipta Kerja Andri Sunandar; Boidoon Sinambela; Angga Rizkia; Andri Herman Setiawan
Journal of Innovative and Creativity Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/joecy.v5i3.5252

Wage disputes constitute the most prevalent category of industrial relations conflicts in Indonesia, emerging from discrepancies between minimum wage compliance, interpretation of wage structures and scales, elimination or reduction of wage components, and violations of the equal pay for equal work principle. This normative legal research employs statutory and conceptual approaches to examine the regulatory frameworks governing wage protection and dispute resolution mechanisms established under Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Labor and Law No. 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation. The research analyzes the conceptual foundations of wages within Indonesian legal jurisprudence, encompassing definitions, components, and minimum wage determinations, as well as the legal protections afforded to workers. The findings demonstrate that although both statutory instruments establish comprehensive mechanisms for wage protection including minimum wage provisions, payment procedures, wage components, and sanctions for employer violations implementation remains significantly challenged by employer non-compliance, insufficient enforcement oversight, divergent interpretations of new regulatory provisions between workers and employers, and worker ignorance regarding wage-related rights. The research concludes that achieving effective wage dispute resolution and industrial relations harmony requires strengthening mediation mechanisms, enhancing wage-setting transparency, ensuring consistent law enforcement, intensifying government labor supervision, and fostering active participation of labor unions to ultimately secure sustainable protection of workers' wage rights in Indonesia's industrial relations landscape.

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