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All Journal Civil Engineering Journal
Alhoutary, I.
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Mechanical Properties and Structural Behavior of Sustainable Ferrock Concrete for Green Construction Applications Elbialy, Samy; Alhoutary, I.; Gouda, Ahmed; Ibrahim, Amr M. N.; Ibrahim, Wael; Ibrahim, Amal Hassanin; Abd-Allah, Waleed
Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Salehan Institute of Higher Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2026-012-01-012

Abstract

This study aims to develop a sustainable alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by investigating the mechanical and structural properties of Ferrock concrete, an iron carbonate-based binder composed largely of industrial by-products. An experimental program was conducted, testing over 114 concrete cubes, 18 cylinders, and 6 full-scale reinforced concrete beams with Ferrock replacing OPC at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight. The results demonstrate that a 15% replacement ratio yields a 25% increase in 28-day compressive strength, while splitting tensile strength improves consistently with Ferrock content. Most notably, reinforced beams with 20% Ferrock exhibited up to a 33% increase in flexural capacity, with failure modes shifting toward more ductile behavior and experimental capacities exceeding predictions from ACI 318, CSA A23.3, and Eurocode 2 by up to 62%. This research confirms that Ferrock is not only a carbon-negative material but also a technically superior partial replacement for OPC, offering enhanced strength, ductility, and structural performance for green construction applications.
Co-Authors Abd-Allah, Waleed Elbialy, Samy Gouda, Ahmed Ibrahim, Amal Hassanin Ibrahim, Amr M. N. Ibrahim, Wael