Civil Engineering Journal
Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January

Mechanical Properties and Structural Behavior of Sustainable Ferrock Concrete for Green Construction Applications

Elbialy, Samy (Unknown)
Alhoutary, I. (Unknown)
Gouda, Ahmed (Unknown)
Ibrahim, Amr M. N. (Unknown)
Ibrahim, Wael (Unknown)
Ibrahim, Amal Hassanin (Unknown)
Abd-Allah, Waleed (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Jan 2026

Abstract

This study aims to develop a sustainable alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by investigating the mechanical and structural properties of Ferrock concrete, an iron carbonate-based binder composed largely of industrial by-products. An experimental program was conducted, testing over 114 concrete cubes, 18 cylinders, and 6 full-scale reinforced concrete beams with Ferrock replacing OPC at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight. The results demonstrate that a 15% replacement ratio yields a 25% increase in 28-day compressive strength, while splitting tensile strength improves consistently with Ferrock content. Most notably, reinforced beams with 20% Ferrock exhibited up to a 33% increase in flexural capacity, with failure modes shifting toward more ductile behavior and experimental capacities exceeding predictions from ACI 318, CSA A23.3, and Eurocode 2 by up to 62%. This research confirms that Ferrock is not only a carbon-negative material but also a technically superior partial replacement for OPC, offering enhanced strength, ductility, and structural performance for green construction applications.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

cej

Publisher

Subject

Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

Description

Civil Engineering Journal is a multidisciplinary, an open-access, internationally double-blind peer -reviewed journal concerned with all aspects of civil engineering, which include but are not necessarily restricted to: Building Materials and Structures, Coastal and Harbor Engineering, ...