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Dianda Faradiba Wardani
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Nursing

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DUAL OREXIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST (DORA) SEBAGAI TERAPI INSOMNIA: SEBUAH TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Dianda Faradiba Wardani; Oktafany, Oktafany; Anisa Nuraisa Jausal; Oktadoni Saputra
Nusantara Hasana Journal Vol. 5 No. 8 (2026): Nusantara Hasana Journal, January 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Nusantara Hasana Berdikari

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59003/nhj.v5i8.1832

Abstract

Insomnia affects more than 852 million adults worldwide and 43.7% of individuals aged ≥19 years in Indonesia, highlighting the need for effective and safe therapy. Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs are commonly used but are associated with risks of tolerance and dependence. Dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) have emerged as a more selective therapeutic alternative. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on meta-analyses of suvorexant, lemborexant, and daridorexant. Suvorexant improved subjective total sleep time (MD −19.10), subjective time to sleep onset (MD −8.23), and subjective wake after sleep onset (MD −6.45). Lemborexant at doses of 5–10 mg was effective in improving wake after sleep onset (MD −19.90; −22.24) and sleep onset latency (MD −9.23; −12.56). Daridorexant at doses of 25–50 mg reduced wake after sleep onset (MD −0.30; −0.53) and latent persistent sleep (MD −0.30; −0.53). Adverse effects of DORAs include somnolence, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, abnormal dreams, and nasopharyngitis. Overall, DORAs demonstrated significant effectiveness on subjective sleep parameters compared with control groups, with variations in effect size and safety profiles. DORAs may be considered effective and safe treatments for insomnia, with drug and dose selection tailored to clinical needs.
Co-Authors Anisa Nuraisa Jausal Oktadoni Saputra Oktafany, Oktafany