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All Journal al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies
Irwan Abdurrohman
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Social Sciences

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An Analytical Study on the Criteria of al-‘Adalah in Hadith Science Muhammad Abil Endri; Naif Burhan Baisa; Engkos Kosasih; Irwan Abdurrohman; Neni Nurlaela
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i1.2951

Abstract

The criterion of al-‘adalah is a fundamental requirement in determining the reliability of hadith transmitters, as it directly relates to a person’s moral and religious integrity in narration. However, interpretations of al-‘adalah vary among classical and contemporary scholars. This study aims to critically analyze the concept of al-‘adalah in hadith studies and assess its relevance in modern scholarly contexts. Using a qualitative-descriptive method with content analysis, this research examines classical hadith scholars such as al-Khatib al-Baghdadi and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, and compares their views with modern perspectives. The findings reveal that al-‘adalah is shaped not only by personal morality but also by social evaluation and the perception of scholarly communities at the time. The study concludes that the standard of al-‘adalah in hadith science is dynamic and requires reinterpretation to remain relevant in assessing hadith authenticity in the modern era, while allowing room for integration between normative and critical approaches.
ʿIllat Idraj and Examples of Hadiths Agus Nurdianto; Iqdam Mauludi; Engkos Kosasih; Irwan Abdurrohman; Dede Rodliana
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i1.2952

Abstract

This paper discusses the concept of ʿIllat Idraj, one of the subjects in the science of hadith, which refers to a hidden defect involving the insertion of the narrator’s own wording into the text of a hadith, thus causing confusion between the narrator’s words and the original text of the hadith. Idraj constitutes a form of ʿillah that can undermine the quality of a hadith, rendering a narration that appears authentic to actually be weak upon deeper examination. This study explains the definition, classification, and impact of ʿIllat Idraj in determining the authenticity status of hadiths. Examples of hadiths with ʿIllat Idraj are provided to clarify this phenomenon. The method employed is library research, involving critical analysis of both the chain of transmission (isnad) and the content (matan). The findings indicate that understanding ʿIllat Idraj is crucial for verifying the quality of hadiths and for advancing scientific methodology in hadith research.
Hadith Criticism: A Practical Guide to Determining the Authenticity of the Sunnah Afifudin; Asep Mahfud; Engkos Kosasih; Irwan Abdurrohman; Muhammad Al Mighwar
al-Afkar, Journal For Islamic Studies Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/afkarjournal.v9i1.2956

Abstract

Hadith Criticism (Naqd al-Ḥadīṡ) is an important discipline developed by scholars to examine and verify the authenticity of narrations claimed to originate from Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Its main objective is to differentiate between Sahih (authentic) hadiths and Da'if (weak) or Mawdhu' (forged) hadiths. This research aims to analyze and compile the practical stages of Hadith Criticism so that it is easily understood by beginner students. By using a descriptive-analytical literature review method on the foundational books of Hadith science, this research summarizes the criticism process. This research shows that Hadith Criticism is an integrated, two-dimensional process. First, Sanad Criticism (Chain of Narration), where the Hadith must fulfill five main conditions (the chain is connected, the narrator is just ('ādil), ḍābiṭ (strong in memory), is not shādhdh (anomalous), and is not mu'allal (possessing a hidden defect)). Second, Matn Criticism (Hadith Content): Examining the conformity of the hadith's content with the Qur'an and established principles of Shari'ah. The conclusion of this research is that the systematic understanding and application of the Hadith Criticism methodology are fundamental prerequisites in Islamic studies. This research contributes by presenting this complex methodology as a step-by-step guide to enhance the students' ability to filter and accept the pure Sunnah of the Prophet.
Co-Authors Afifudin Agus Nurdianto Asep Mahfud Dede Rodliana Engkos Kosasih Iqdam Mauludi Muhammad Abil Endri Muhammad Al Mighwar Naif Burhan Baisa Neni Nurlaela