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Evidence-based non-residential waste analysis to support 3R strategies and food recovery hierarchy: a case study in Solok Selatan Fauzi, Mhd.; Aziz, Rizki; Chyntia, Nanda; Titani, Fena Retyo; Afrianto, Andika Wahyu
Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/bioeksperimen.v12i1.16030

Abstract

The amount of waste generation that increases without being accompanied by good waste management will cause pollution and decrease the aesthetic value of the environment. Non-residential waste originating from non-residential activities is also one of the contributors to waste entering the landfill. This study aims to analyze non-residential waste generation and composition as an evidence-based reference for each source in implementing the 3R concept and the Food Recovery Hierarchy (FRH). The number of sampling sets was determined at a minimum of 10% of each type of facility following SNI 19-3964-1994. Sampling was carried out on eight consecutive days with 14 sampling points in Area 1, 14 in Area 2, and 11 in Area 3. The total non-residential waste generation was 46.79 m³/day (9.49 tons/day). Organic waste dominated the composition, accounting for 35–37% as food waste, followed by plastic (24–29%) and paper (14–20%). The high proportion of biodegradable and recyclable materials indicates significant potential for composting, recycling, and food recovery strategies at the source level. Implementing source-level 3R and FRH approaches could substantially reduce landfill dependency and extend landfill lifespan. This study addresses a knowledge gap by linking source-level non-residential waste characterization with the practical implementation of the 3R concept and the Food Recovery Hierarchy. This study provides quantitative evidence to guide localized waste minimization strategies in non-residential sectors.
An Overview of The Open-Circuit Voltage Thermodynamics on Vanadium Redox Flow Battery and Zn-Air Redox Flow Battery Ulsak, Mohammad Ghimnastiar; Ananda, Lintang Rizkyta; Sobarsah, G. Awaludin; Titani, Fena Retyo
Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik Vol 25 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Teknik - Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55893/jt.vol25no1.795

Abstract

The open circuit voltage's Nernst equation, which was first developed Walther Nernst more than a hundred years earlier, is essential to the study of electrochemical systems. Regretfully, adapted to complex methods (such as interactions with mixed potentials or ion-exchange membranes), the equation takes on erroneous forms due to the assumptions that underlie its derivation being frequently ignored in the literature. Regardless of how the electrochemical processes are expressed, these errors may be prevented by using an accurate thermodynamic derivation. In particular, the Nernst equation must be correctly derived in order to describe zinc-air batteries and vanadium redox flow batteries. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is where the rigorous route where the Nernst equation's formulation starts.