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All Journal Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET)
Amthori, Amthori Anwar
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Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Design and Experimental Evaluation o`f a PID Based Ship Rudder Control Prototype Referenced to SOLAS Arif, Arif Rakhman Suharso; Ario Hendartono; Amthori, Amthori Anwar; Slamet Supriyadi
Advance Sustainable Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): February-April
Publisher : Science and Technology Research Centre Universitas PGRI Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26877/asset.v8i2.2739

Abstract

The Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID)-based ship rudder control system is an effective method for maintaining a vessel’s heading automatically. This study aims to design and evaluate a ship rudder control prototype in accordance with SOLAS safety standards. The research method employed is Research and Development (R&D), which includes needs analysis, system design, prototype development, and model testing. The cargo ship prototype is equipped with an HMC5883L compass sensor, an Arduino microcontroller, and a servo motor as the rudder actuator. Data processing and PID algorithm implementation are carried out using Visual Basic software. The PID parameters used are Kp = 0.001, Ki = 0.001, and Kd = 0.2, obtained through a tuning process. Testing was conducted in a controlled pool under calm water conditions. The results show that the system achieves a steady-state condition in an average time of 21 seconds with minimal overshoot and small deviation from the setpoint, while complying with the SOLAS requirement of a maximum rudder angle of 35°.
Co-Authors Arif Rakhman Suharso Ario Hendartono Slamet Supriyadi