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All Journal Law Development Journal JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah Jurnal Ragam Pengabdian
Zaitun Abdullah
Universitas Pancasila
Humanities Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Implementasi Penertiban Kawasan Hutan dan Tantangan Keadilan Sosial Ekologis di Indonesia Pasca Perpres No. 5 Tahun 2025 Agus Surono; Sadino; Zaitun Abdullah; Agung Iriantoro; Adnan Hamid; Maslihati Nur Hidayati
JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): October, Social Issues and Education Issues
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala and Collaboration Yayasan Yusda Edu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66052/sejarah.v10i4.52

Abstract

Pengelolaan kawasan hutan Indonesia menghadapi tantangan kompleks meliputi tumpang tindih kepemilikan lahan, konflik agraria berkelanjutan, dan lemahnya koordinasi antarinstitusi. Perpres No. 5 Tahun 2025 tentang Penertiban Kawasan Hutan merespons krisis ini dengan membentuk Satgas PKH lintas sektor untuk mengkonsolidasikan kewenangan penegakan hukum dan pemulihan aset kawasan hutan secara terkoordinasi dan responsif. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan multidisiplin mengintegrasikan yuridis normatif. Focus Group Discussion, dan studi lapangan. Analisis menggabungkan teknik content analysis terhadap dokumen kebijakan dengan cross-case comparison untuk mengidentifikasi pola implementasi dan tantangan struktural yang kompleks. Capaian administratif Satgas PKH menunjukkan penguasaan kembali 3,3 juta hektare kawasan hutan hingga September 2025, jauh melampaui target awal. Namun, di balik capaian ini terdapat permasalahan fundamental: ketidakvalidan data spasial, tumpang tindih wilayah adat antara 17,6 hingga 24,4 juta hektare, asimetri perlakuan terhadap pelaku usaha, dan minimnya partisipasi masyarakat. Konflik sosial-ekologis meningkat dengan resistensi masyarakat terhadap penertiban represif. Best practice alternatif seperti PPTPKH/TORA dan perhutanan sosial menunjukkan model pengelolaan berbasis partisipasi dapat mengintegrasikan keadilan sosial dengan kelestarian ekologis, mencakup 3,04 juta dan 4,1 juta hektare dengan melibatkan ribuan keluarga. Reformasi mendesak diperlukan mencakup transformasi kelembagaan Satgas, penguatan sistem data terintegrasi, penerapan Free Prior and Informed Consent, harmonisasi regulasi, dan implementasi keadilan restoratif. Hanya dengan mengintegrasikan keadilan distributif, prosedural, dan restoratif sebagai fondasi, disertai partisipasi masyarakat dan transparansi, Perpres No. 5 Tahun 2025 dapat mewujudkan pengelolaan hutan yang sesungguhnya adil dan berkelanjutan.
Strategi Penguatan Kebijakan Restorative justice dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pertanahan di Indonesia: Strategi Penguatan Kelembagaan BPN Agung Iriantoro; Agus Surono; Zaitun Abdullah; Rahmat
JIM: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025): October, Social Issues and Education Issues
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala and Collaboration Yayasan Yusda Edu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66052/sejarah.v10i4.54

Abstract

Penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan di Indonesia menghadapi kompleksitas multi-dimensi yang berasal dari ketidakjelasan batas lahan, tumpang tindih hak kepemilikan, dan konflik antara masyarakat adat dengan negara. Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional (Permen ATR/BPN) No. 21 Tahun 2020 memperkenalkan mekanisme mediasi berbasis prinsip restorative justice sebagai alternatif penyelesaian sengketa non-litigasi yang fokus pada pemulihan hubungan sosial dan musyawarah mufakat sesuai kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kebijakan dan analisis kelembagaan untuk menganalisis implementasi Permen ATR/BPN No. 21 Tahun 2020 dalam konteks penguatan kelembagaan Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pejabat BPN, mediator, dan pihak terkait; observasi langsung proses mediasi; serta studi dokumen regulasi dan laporan implementasi. Temuan utama mengungkap bahwa meskipun keberhasilan mediasi dapat mencapai 28,5% hingga 55-65% di wilayah dengan integrasi musyawarah adat, implementasi optimal masih terhambat oleh gap struktural kelembagaan, heterogenitas kapasitas mediator dengan hanya 45% bersertifikat, lemahnya kekuatan hukum hasil mediasi yang memungkinkan pembatalan 25% kesepakatan, koordinasi lintas lembaga yang masih informal, dan pemanfaatan teknologi yang terbatas. Penguatan kebijakan memerlukan pendekatan holistik yang mengintegrasikan restrukturisasi kelembagaan dengan pembentukan unit mediasi khusus, pengembangan standar kompetensi berlapis, penguatan regulasi dengan kekuatan eksekutorial, formalisasi koordinasi lintas lembaga termasuk pengakuan legal musyawarah adat, dan optimalisasi teknologi JUSTISIA. Implikasi sosial hukum menunjukkan bahwa restorative justice berkontribusi signifikan dalam mengurangi ketegangan sosial dan meningkatkan kepercayaan institusi, terutama dengan mengintegrasikan kearifan lokal.
Strategy for Strengthening Restorative Justice Policy in Resolution of Land Disputes in Indonesia: Strategy for Strengthening The BPN Institution Agung Iriantoro; Agus Surono; Zaitun Abdullah; Rahmat Rahmat
Law Development Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ldj.8.1.217-234

Abstract

Land dispute resolution in Indonesia faces multi-dimensional complexity stemming from unclear land boundaries, overlapping ownership rights, and conflicts between indigenous communities and the state. Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (Permen ATR/BPN) No. 21 of 2020 introduces a mediation mechanism based on restorative justice principles as an alternative non-litigation dispute resolution that focuses on restoring social relations and reaching consensus in accordance with local wisdom. This study uses a qualitative approach with data were collected through in-depth interviews with BPN officials, mediators, and related parties; direct observation of the mediation process; and a study of regulatory documents and implementation reports. Key findings reveal that while mediation success rates can reach 28.5% to 55-65% in areas with integrated customary deliberations, optimal implementation is still hampered by institutional structural gaps, heterogeneity in mediator capacity with only 45% certified, weak legal force of mediation outcomes that allows for the cancellation of 25% of agreements, informal cross-institutional coordination, and limited technology utilization. Policy strengthening requires a holistic approach that integrates institutional restructuring with the establishment of dedicated mediation units, the development of multi-layered competency standards, strengthened regulations with executive powers, formalization of cross-institutional coordination including legal recognition of customary deliberations, and optimization of JUSTISIA technology. Socio-legal implications indicate that restorative justice contributes significantly to reducing social tensions and increasing institutional trust, particularly by integrating local wisdom.
Protection of Non-Participating Creditors in PKPU Homologation: Reconstruction of the Creditorum Parity Principle and the Fairness Test of Results Ferry Febri Mewengkang; Adnan Hamid; Sonyendah Retnaningsih; Zaitun Abdullah
Jurnal Ragam Pengabdian Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Mei-Agustus, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Multidisciplinary Perspectiv
Publisher : Lembaga Teewan Journal Solutions

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62710/vpvkrw27

Abstract

This study examines the legal protection of non-participating creditors in the homologation of Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) under Indonesian bankruptcy law. Although homologation binds all creditors, including those who do not participate in the proceedings, Law Number 37 of 2004 primarily emphasizes procedural legitimacy through voting and quorum requirements without explicitly assessing the fairness of outcomes. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches supported by grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation of relevant legal provisions and doctrines. The analysis reveals that the current PKPU framework allows non-participating concurrent creditors to receive substantially lower recoveries than they would reasonably obtain in bankruptcy, thereby conflicting with the principles of paritas creditorum and pari passu pro rata parte embodied in Articles 1131 and 1132 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Furthermore, the substantive review authority granted to judges under Article 285 has not been fully utilized to protect vulnerable creditors. This study proposes strengthening the application of the paritas creditorum principle through an Indonesian version of the best interests of creditors test as a fairness benchmark during homologation, ensuring that restructuring promotes legal certainty while safeguarding equal treatment and distributive justice for all concurrent creditors.
Co-Authors Adnan Hamid Agung Iriantoro Agus Surono Ferry Febri Mewengkang Maslihati Nur Hidayati Rahmat Rahmat Rahmat Sadino Sonyendah Retnaningsih