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All Journal Al-MARSHAD: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business Al-Afaq: Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi
Eman Sulaiman
Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Maslahah Mursalah: A Substantial Effort to Overcome Income and Wealth Inequality in Indonesia Tholkhatul Khoir; Eman Sulaiman
Shirkah: Journal of Economics and Business Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22515/shirkah.v9i3.716

Abstract

Income and wealth inequality in Indonesia persists despite efforts by central and local governments to address it. maslahah mursalah provides a strong theoretical foundation for creating policies that are both religious and highly beneficial. This study aims to explain the history of using maslahah mursalahin income and wealth policies, provide evidence of income and wealth inequality in Indonesia, and explore the potential of using maslahah mursalah to address this inequality. This study examines two key facts: the history of maslahah mursalah's policies on income and wealth, and income and wealth inequality in Indonesia. They were obtained from Arabic usul al-fiqhliterature and the analysis of the Gini ratio and palm index. The data were compared to determine the most urgent policy needs and thepossibility of using maslahah mursalah as the basis. This study found that maslahah mursalahhas been widely used in income and wealth distribution policies. Since income and wealth inequality in Indonesia still exists and continues to increase in the ratio, maslahah mursalah willlikely be the basis of settlement policy. This study aims to provide a robust theoretical foundation for the Indonesian government to design and implement maslahah mursalah-based policies to address income and wealth inequality, including human capital development, labour market opening for women, labour rights protection, improved access to finance, social transfer programs, zakat and tax optimisation, housing policy reform, and increased transparency and corruption eradication.
Reconstructing the Qibla Change through Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani’s Fath al-Bārī: A Historiographical Analysis Annisa Nurfadilah; Ahmad Izzuddin; Eman Sulaiman
AL - AFAQ : Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Juni 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram

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Abstract

This study reconstructs the chronology and historical context of the qibla change – the redirection of Muslim prayer from Baitul Maqdis to the Ka‘bah – through a rigorous textual analysis of Ibn Ḥajar al-‘Asqalānī’s hadith commentary, Fath al-Bārī. While previous Islamic historiography has rarely treated hadith commentaries as viable primary sources, this study addresses that gap. Employing a qualitative framework that integrates historical-hermeneutic analysis with an interpretive-historical approach, it examines Fath al-Bārī to produce a chronologically precise and contextually grounded account. To reconcile conflicting reports on the date of the change, Ibn Ḥajar applied al-jam’ wa al-tawfīq (compromise) by specifying the lunar count from Rabī‘ al-Awwal to Rajab, explaining the 16‑ versus 17‑month discrepancy through inclusive and exclusive calculations. He then used tarjīḥ (critical selection) based on sanad quality to establish mid‑Rajab of the second Hijri year as the definitive moment of transition. The research also illuminates the socio‑political climate of Madinah, including Muslim‑Jewish relations, the Companions’ role in transmitting the news, and the event’s impact on consolidating early Muslim identity. The study concludes that Fath al-Bārī functions not merely as hadith exegesis but as a significant historiographical document, offering a methodological model for integrating hadith scholarship with historical inquiry.
History of the Javanese Calendar in the Era of Aji Saka and Sultan Agung M. Saifulloh; Ahmad Izzuddin; Eman Sulaiman
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Vol 12, No 1 (2026): Al-Marshad
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jam.v12i1.28055

Abstract

A calendar is a system that provides daily, monthly, and yearly time by following natural phenomena, namely the apparent movement of the sun from east to west. Calendars did not simply appear; they were influenced by social culture and history. The Javanese calendar system was created by Aji Saka and later modified by Sultan Agung. An interesting aspect of both systems is that they follow Java's cultural traditions. The system used at the beginning of the Javanese calendar was the solar calendar system. However, with the introduction of new cultures and religions to Java, namely Islam and its influence, the calendar changed but continued to follow Aji Saka's annual numbers. The only changes in Sultan Agung's calendar system were the names of the months and the shift from a solar to a lunar calendar. This change followed the Islamic calendar, which had already been influenced by the arrival of Islam from India and Arabia. The number of days in a year also changed from 365 to 355 days. This research method uses qualitative literature that focuses on the historical origins, compares the two systems, and then examines their advantages and disadvantages.
The History of Istiwa’ in the Development of Islamic Falak Achmad Mauludy Zahron; Ahmad Izzuddin; Eman Sulaiman
Al-Marshad: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Vol 12, No 1 (2026): Al-Marshad
Publisher : University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30596/jam.v12i1.28062

Abstract

The history of istiwa’ represents one of the oldest scientific heritages in the history of astronomy, marking the position of the sun directly overhead, where the shadow of a vertical object becomes minimal or disappears. Since the civilizations of Egypt and Babylonia, this method has been used to regulate time and determine geographical directions. It was later refined by Greek scholars and eventually Islamized by Muslim astronomers as an instrument of falak (miqyāsal-zill) to determine prayer times and the direction of the qiblah. This study employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, examining classical sources such as al-Qānūn al-Mas'ūdī by al-Bīrūnī and modern literature on Rashdul Qiblah. The analysis was conducted descriptively and comparatively to trace the epistemological continuity between classical traditions and contemporary practices. The findings reveal that the concept of istiwa’ evolved from empirical observation into a theoretical falak system that integrates scientific and theological dimensions. Despite the advancement of digital technologies, the shadow-based observation method remains relevant for its accuracy and spiritual value. Future research is encouraged to explore the recontextualization of istiwa’ in modern falak education to strengthen the integration of science, faith, and ecological awareness within Islamic religious practices today.
Co-Authors Achmad Mauludy Zahron Ahmad Izzuddin Annisa Nurfadilah M. Saifulloh Tholkhatul Khoir