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All Journal JUSTISI JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi
Naning Indriyawati
Universitas Gresik
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Reassessing Trade Unions’ Role in Achieving Fair Industrial Relations Panji Purnomo Adhi; Naning Indriyawati; Basuki Tri Setiawan; Dara Puspitasari
JUSTISI Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): JUSTISI
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33506/js.v12i2.5261

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of labor unions in achieving industrial relations justice in Indonesia and to identify whether the legal issues that arise stem from weaknesses in the norms or from the effectiveness of implementing the norms of freedom of association. This study uses a normative-conceptual legal method by examining constitutional provisions, labor laws and regulations, ILO conventions, as well as industrial relations theory and theories of justice. Data were obtained through a literature review encompassing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources, and were then qualitatively analyzed to assess the effectiveness of trade unions’ role within the national labor law system. The novelty of this research lies in the assertion that the primary issue in achieving industrial relations justice does not stem from a lack of legal norms, but rather from the gap between the normative guarantees of freedom of association and their implementation in industrial relations practice. The results of the study indicate that, normatively, the legal framework regarding freedom of association and the role of labor unions is adequate. Trade unions serve as providers of legal protection, balancers of bargaining power in collective bargaining, and facilitators of tripartite social dialogue. However, the effectiveness of these roles still faces obstacles in the form of limited institutional capacity, organizational fragmentation, increasing flexibility in employment relationships, and suboptimal law enforcement. The conclusion of this study is that efforts to improve industrial relations justice must be directed toward strengthening the effectiveness of the implementation of freedom of association norms through institutional strengthening of labor unions, consistent labor oversight, and the state’s commitment to ensuring substantive protection of the right to organize.
The Precarious State of Letter C: Land Registration Law Dynamics After PP Number 18 Year 2021 Naning indriyawati; Suyanto Suyanto; Dara Puspitasari
JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): JIHAD : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pendidikan (LPP) Mandala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58258/jihad.v8i2.10545

Abstract

The enactment of Government Regulation (PP) No. 18 of 2021 has triggered a major transformation in Indonesia’s land registration framework. The primary focus of this study is to evaluate the current legal status of "Letter C" and determine whether it still functions as robust evidence of ownership or merely as proof of physical possession. Under the latest regulations, the role of Letter C has undergone a significant shift, moving from a primary form of evidence to a transitional or temporary document within the national land registration process. This study employs a normative legal research method, examining various regulatory layers, including the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) No. 5 of 1960, the Job Creation Law No. 11 of 2020, and specific provisions in PP No. 18 of 2021 regarding mandatory land registration. Furthermore, a conceptual approach is used to compare the administrative weight of Letter C against the absolute legal certainty provided by a formal land certificate. Data was gathered through an analysis of legal documents from the BPN Legal Documentation and Information Network (JDIH), agrarian law journals, and court rulings involving customary land disputes. The analysis reveals that after 2026, Letter C documents will hold a very weak legal position if they are not promptly converted through the Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program. From a legal standpoint, Letter C is now classified only as a temporary basis of right (alas hak) that requires re-verification by Land Deed Officials (PPAT) and the National Land Agency (BPN). To address this vulnerability, it is recommended that the government provide subsidies for verification costs and conduct extensive public outreach to ensure legal certainty and agrarian justice for the community. 
Co-Authors Basuki Tri Setiawan Dara Puspitasari Panji Purnomo Adhi