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All Journal Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review (GRLSPR)
S. Salle
Universitas Muslim Indonesia
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Problematic Nature of Uang Panai in Bugis-Makassar Marriages: A Case Study in South Sulawesi Province S. Salle; Andi Risma; Dian Eka Pusvita Azis
Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): January - June
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grlspr.v5i2.1917

Abstract

Indonesia possesses a vast cultural diversity, including the Bugis-Makassar ethnic group in South Sulawesi, which maintains a unique marriage tradition known as Uang Panai’. Distinct from the dowry, Uang Panai’ is a customary requirement representing a marriage endowment provided by the groom that serves as a symbol of social status, prestige, and a determinant for the success of a wedding, though its high cost often leads to canceled marriages or the occurrence of Silariang. This study aims to provide solutions to the issues surrounding the fluctuating and often exorbitant costs of Uang Panai’ through a quantitative method using frequency distribution to measure the relationship between the uncertain value of Uang Panai’ as the dependent variable and factors such as education, occupation, economic status, lineage, physical appearance, and social environment as independent variables. The results indicate that Uang Panai’ significantly influences the implementation of marriages, with its amount being determined by the aforementioned social factors, leading to the conclusion that an ideal solution requires the establishment of regional regulations as a legal framework. Consequently, this study recommends the necessity of legal counseling regarding marriage requirements and urges local governments in South Sulawesi to formulate Peraturan Daerah to provide legal certainty and moderate the implementation of this tradition.
Non-Performing Loans in Banking: Analyzing Risk Mitigation Failures and Reconstructing Legal Protection Frameworks Teguh Ikhrawansyah S; Hasbuddin Khalid; S. Salle
Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): July - December
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grlspr.v6i1.2388

Abstract

This study aims to critically examine the persistence of non-performing loans within the banking system by analyzing the failures of credit risk mitigation and reconstructing the legal protection framework governing creditor–debtor relationships. The research departs from the assumption that credit default is not solely an economic phenomenon but also a legal and institutional problem rooted in regulatory fragmentation, weak enforcement mechanisms, and imbalanced contractual arrangements. To address this issue, the study employs a normative legal research method, utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches. The statutory approach is used to analyze relevant regulations on banking, contracts, and insolvency, while the conceptual approach explores legal doctrines related to risk mitigation, fairness, and legal protection. Data are analyzed using a descriptive-prescriptive technique, which not only explains the existing legal framework but also formulates normative recommendations for reform. The findings reveal that current risk mitigation practices are overly formalistic and heavily dependent on collateral, without sufficient consideration of debtor capacity and legal enforceability. At the same time, the legal framework demonstrates significant deficiencies, including contractual imbalance, fragmented regulations, and inefficient dispute resolution mechanisms, which collectively weaken both preventive and corrective responses to credit default. This study finds that the disconnection between risk management practices and legal protection frameworks exacerbates systemic vulnerabilities within the banking sector. Accordingly, this research proposes an integrated reconstruction of legal protection and credit risk mitigation, emphasizing balanced contractual standards, effective enforcement mechanisms, regulatory harmonization, and a justice-oriented legal framework. Such reconstruction is essential to ensure a more equitable, resilient, and sustainable banking system.
Co-Authors Andi Risma Andi Risma Dian Eka Pusvita Azis Hasbuddin Khalid Teguh Ikhrawansyah S