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Pemetaan Risiko Interferensi dan OptimasiFrekuensi Komunikasi VHF pada 219 Bandara di Indonesia Menggunakan K-Means dan PCA Spasial Ariyono Setiawan; Imam Sonhaji; Choo Wou Onn; Catra Indra Cahyadi; Yuyun Suprapto; Novyanto Widadi
WARTA ARDHIA Vol. 51 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Kebijakan Transportasi, Kementerian Perhubungan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25104/wa.v51i1.567.1-12

Penelitian ini menelaah bagaimana klasterisasi spektrum VHF dapat mengurangi potensi interferensi antarbandara di ruang udara Indonesia yang padat. Berlandaskan konsep interaksi spasial dan risiko spectrum sharing, kedekatan geografis antarbandara dan jarak frekuensi (Δf) dikaitkan dengan probabilitas terjadinya interferensi, serta memosisikan klasterisasi sebagai prasyarat koordinasi berbasis data. Data multi-layanan VHF dari 219 bandara dinormalisasikan dan dianalisis, Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) untuk mempertahankan komponen yang menjelaskan ≥70% variasi, Selanjutnya, algoritma FASTCLUS digunakan untuk membentuk kelompok yang koheren secara spasial. Pasangan bandara yang berpotensi berisiko diidentifikasi dengan kriteria jarak <50 km dan Δf <0,2 MHz (uji kepekaan: 0,3 MHz). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 37 pasangan bandara memenuhi kedua kriteria tersebut; pola yang teridentifikasi menunjukkan adanya kantong kepadatan dengan penyempitan adjacent-channel spacing yang mengindikasikan kemungkinan inertia kebijakan dalam pengelolaan spektrum (spectrum housekeeping). Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, disusun daftar prioritas watchlist berperingkat untuk AirNav/Kominfo guna memandu penataan ulang kanal dan koordinasi lintas wilayah, mendukung SDG 9 dan SDG 16. Pendekatan yang digunakan mengintegrasikan PCA–FASTCLUS dengan skrining Δf–jarak menjadi pipeline praktis, replikabel, dan siap regulator.

Governance Capacity and STCW Compliance in Maritime Education: A PCA–FASTCLUS Approach Antonius Edy Kristiyono; Ariyono Setiawan; Iie suwondo; Warju Warju; Deshinta Arrova Dewi
Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan Vol. 14 No. 4 (2026): JIMKES Edisi Juli 2026
Publisher : LPPM Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kesatuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37641/jimkes.v14i4.5307

Maritime accidents remain influenced by human and institutional factors despite strengthened global regulations. However, variations in Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) compliance across maritime education institutions indicate that compliance alone does not fully explain safety readiness. This study examines how governance capacity shapes STCW compliance as an intermediate institutional capability. Using survey data from 109 maritime education institutions in Indonesia, this study applies Principal Component Analysis (PCA), multiple regression, ΔR² analysis, and FASTCLUS clustering to capture structural priorities and institutional heterogeneity. The results show that resource availability (β ≈ 0.31) and implementer disposition (β ≈ 0.27) are the most influential factors, jointly accounting for over 59% of the explained variance. Despite similar compliance levels, institutions exhibit different governance configurations, indicating latent heterogeneity. These findings suggest that compliance should be interpreted as a capacity-driven process rather than a procedural endpoint. The study contributes by integrating multivariate and configurational approaches to reframe compliance as an institutional capability mechanism and provides policy implications for shifting from compliance enforcement to capacity development in maritime education systems.

Pemetaan Risiko Interferensi dan OptimasiFrekuensi Komunikasi VHF pada 219 Bandara di Indonesia Menggunakan K-Means dan PCA Spasial Ariyono Setiawan; Imam Sonhaji; Choo Wou Onn; Catra Indra Cahyadi; Yuyun Suprapto; Novyanto Widadi
WARTA ARDHIA Vol. 51 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sekretariat Badan Kebijakan Transportasi, Kementerian Perhubungan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25104/wa.v51i1.567.1-12

Penelitian ini menelaah bagaimana klasterisasi spektrum VHF dapat mengurangi potensi interferensi antarbandara di ruang udara Indonesia yang padat. Berlandaskan konsep interaksi spasial dan risiko spectrum sharing, kedekatan geografis antarbandara dan jarak frekuensi (Δf) dikaitkan dengan probabilitas terjadinya interferensi, serta memosisikan klasterisasi sebagai prasyarat koordinasi berbasis data. Data multi-layanan VHF dari 219 bandara dinormalisasikan dan dianalisis, Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) untuk mempertahankan komponen yang menjelaskan ≥70% variasi, Selanjutnya, algoritma FASTCLUS digunakan untuk membentuk kelompok yang koheren secara spasial. Pasangan bandara yang berpotensi berisiko diidentifikasi dengan kriteria jarak <50 km dan Δf <0,2 MHz (uji kepekaan: 0,3 MHz). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 37 pasangan bandara memenuhi kedua kriteria tersebut; pola yang teridentifikasi menunjukkan adanya kantong kepadatan dengan penyempitan adjacent-channel spacing yang mengindikasikan kemungkinan inertia kebijakan dalam pengelolaan spektrum (spectrum housekeeping). Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, disusun daftar prioritas watchlist berperingkat untuk AirNav/Kominfo guna memandu penataan ulang kanal dan koordinasi lintas wilayah, mendukung SDG 9 dan SDG 16. Pendekatan yang digunakan mengintegrasikan PCA–FASTCLUS dengan skrining Δf–jarak menjadi pipeline praktis, replikabel, dan siap regulator.

Policy Implementation Capacity and Reported STCW Compliance in Maritime Training Institutions: A Multidimensional Governance Antonius Edy Kristiyono; Anugrah Nur Prasetyo; Shofa Dai Robbi; Ariyono Setiawan; Choo Wou Onn
Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan Vol. 14 No. 4 (2026): JIMKES Edisi Juli 2026
Publisher : LPPM Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kesatuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37641/jimkes.v14i4.5379

Effective implementation of the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) for Seafarers requires maritime training institutions to translate regulatory requirements into routine educational and administrative practices. This study examines the associations of communication, organizational resources, implementer disposition, and bureaucratic structure with reported STCW compliance. The analytical sample comprised 484 eligible respondents from 20 institutions, selected from 500 initial observations using prespecified quality criteria. Reliability analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, institution-clustered regression, HC3 estimation, random-intercept modelling, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. The correlated five-factor measurement model showed excellent fit, χ2(175)=184.031, p=0.305, CFI = 0.997, RMSEA = 0.010, and SRMR = 0.032, and substantially outperformed the single-factor model. The controlled model explained 30.9% of the variance in reported compliance. Communication, organizational resources, implementer disposition, and bureaucratic structure were positively associated with reported STCW compliance. Implementer disposition made the largest unique contribution. The findings indicate that reported compliance is associated with clear regulatory communication, adequate organizational resources, committed implementers, coordinated responsibilities, and stable administrative procedures.

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