Iwan M Ramdan
Mulawarman University

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Comprehensive literature review : Determinant Factors of Organophosphate pesticide Exposure and Its Impact on Farmers Cholinesterase Level Evi Paulina Simanjuntak; Iwan M Ramdan; Ida Ayu Indira Dwika Lestari
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure remains a significant occupational health issue in agricultural sectors, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. OP compounds inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), enzymes responsible for breaking down acetylcholine at neural synapses. Their inhibition leads to acetylcholine accumulation, causing acute symptoms such as dizziness, tremor, nausea, and fatigue, as well as long-term effects including peripheral neuropathy and cognitive impairment. Blood cholinesterase activity serves as a key biomarker for pesticide exposure but can be influenced by various biological and occupational factors Objective : This scoping review aims to identify and map determinant factors affecting cholinesterase levels among farmers and pesticide sprayers exposed to OP pesticides, providing an evidence base for developing occupational health and safety (OHS) strategies. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, eight relevant studies were selected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Garuda databases. The included studies involved agricultural workers exposed to OP or carbamate pesticides, with cholinesterase activity as the main outcome Results : Findings show that reduced cholinesterase activity results from multifactorial interactions. Individual factors such as age, gender, nutrition, and smoking influence detoxification capacity. Behavioral factors especially PPE use and hygiene significantly affect exposure, with compliant workers showing 18–25% higher enzyme activity. Occupational factors like long work duration and high spraying frequency decreased AChE by 28–30%. Organizational efforts, including biomonitoring and safety training, maintained enzyme activity within normal limits, while hot climates increased dermal absorption Conclusion/Lesson Learned : In conclusion, comprehensive OHS measures integrating education, monitoring, and safe work practices are essential to prevent pesticide-related subclinical poisoning
Exploring Ergonomic Risks Behind Waste: A Qualitative Study of BankSampah Workers in Samarinda City Nadinda Maretta Diah Paramita; Iwan M Ramdan; Muhammad Sultan; Ida Ayu Indira Dwika Lestari
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common occupational diseases occurring in workplaces such as waste banks. Repetitive manual activities performed by workers pose ergonomic risks if not supported by adequate understanding and workplace facilities. Objective : This study aims to analyze ergonomic practices among waste bank workers, explore their perceptions of MSDs risks, and identify the needs for ergonomics-based health promotion that suits the conditions of the waste bank. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This study used a qualitative case study design. Data were obtained through interviews with five Bank Sampah Nusantara workers and work observations. Thematic analysis with manual coding was applied, starting from data reduction, assigning codes (labeling relevant data), and grouping codes into themes, and results were presented descriptively. Data validity was ensured through the Member Check technique. Results : The findings showed that workers at Bank Sampah Nusantara did not use assistive tools and only used basic personal protective equipment (PPE). Several workers complained of body pain and fatigue (especially in the hands and feet). Risk perception was generally low. No training related to ergonomics or safe work practices had been conducted in the waste bank. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Workers expressed the need for training, improved work facilities, and collaboration with external institutions to support occupational health and safety. This highlights the importance of ergonomics-based health promotion interventions in the informal sector to prevent MSDs and raise workers’ awareness of occupational risks.
“The Association Between Noise Exposure and Quality of Life AmongIndustrial Workers and Nearby Communities: A Literature Review” Karlina Sofyana Harahap; Iwan M Ramdan; Ida Ayu Indira Dwika Lestari
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Noise is an invisible environmental hazard that significantly affects human health and well-being. Chronic exposure to high-intensity noise can lead to auditory disorders such as Noise- Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) and various non-auditory effects including stress, fatigue, hypertension, sleep disturbance, and psychological distress. These physiological and psychosocial impacts contribute to a decline in Quality of Life (QoL) among both industrial workers and nearby communities. Despite growing evidence on the adverse effects of noise, comprehensive synthesis of the relationship between noise exposure and QoL across occupational and community settings remains limited. Objective : to identify and analyze scientific studies examining the relationship between noise exposure and Quality of Life (QoL) Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : A systematic literature review was conducted to identify and analyze scientific studies examining the relationship between noise exposure and QoL. The literature search used the databases Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar for publications from 2015 to 2024. The keywords included “noise exposure,” “noise pollution,” “quality of life,” “occupational,” and “community.” Ten studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for descriptive synthesis. Data were extracted on study objectives, population, exposure levels, instruments used (such as WHOQoL-BREF and HRQoL), and main findings. Results : The review indicates a consistent negative association between noise exposure above 85 dB(A) and QoL. Across the selected studies, dominant reported effects included sleep disturbance, fatigue, stress, irritability, and decreased environmental satisfaction. Noise annoyance and noise sensitivity emerged as significant psychological mediators influencing the strength of this relationship. Occupational settings such as mining, manufacturing, and healthcare showed the highest exposure levels and greatest impact on workers’ physical and psychological well-being. Community- based studies also revealed lower QoL scores among residents living near industrial or transportation noise sources. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : Noise is a critical environmental and occupational determinant of health that affects multiple domains of QoL—physical, psychological, social, and environmental. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive noise control measures, including engineering and administrative interventions, community awareness, and psychosocial coping strategies. Future research should employ longitudinal and mixed-method designs to capture the long-term and multifactorial impacts of noise exposure on human well-being.
Analysis of Work Stress Diagnosis in Health Workers at Remaja HealthCenter in Samarinda City Mirani Arizkha Uga; Iwan M Ramdan; Muhammad Sultan
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Background : Community health centers are responsible for improving the quality of services and health development in their respective work areas. In this regard, healthcare professionals play a vital role in optimizing the quality of health services. Objective: This study aims to analyze the diagnosis of work stress among healthcare workers at Puskesmas Remaja, Samarinda City . Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 32 individuals. Data was collected using the DASS 21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21) questionnaire. Univariate analysis was performed to describe the characteristics of respondents and the distribution of work stress in the form of frequency tables and percentages. Subsequently, bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) was conducted to examine the relationship between age, gender, marital status, and years of service with work stress among healthcare workers at Puskesmas Remaja, Samarinda City. Results : The results showed that 8 individuals (25%) fell into the category of work stress. Specifically, 4 individuals (12.5%) experienced mild stress, 3 (9.4%) moderate stress, and 1 person (3.1%) severe stress. Based on the analysis, marital status was the only variable found to have a significant relationship with the incidence of work stress among respondents (p=0.01). Conclusion/Lesson Learned : For future research, it is recommended to conduct similar studies with different designs, larger sample sizes, and include other variables to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between various factors and work stress among healthcare professionals.