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All Journal Unes Law Review Yuris: Journal of Court and Justice
Bangun Patrianto
Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya
Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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Criminal Law Enforcement Against Illegal Cosmetic Products: A Normative Juridical Study Recha Redian; Bangun Patrianto
YURIS: Journal of Court and Justice Vol. 5 Issue 1 (2026)
Publisher : jfpublisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56943/jcj.v5i1.966

Abstract

The widespread circulation of illegal cosmetic products poses serious threats to consumer health and safety, particularly those containing hazardous substances such as mercury and hydroquinone distributed without valid regulatory authorization. This study examines criminal law enforcement against perpetrators of illegal cosmetic distribution and the legal protection afforded to consumers within the jurisdiction of the East Java Regional Police (Polda Jawa Timur). Employing a normative juridical method with a statute approach, this study analyzes applicable provisions under Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health and Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, using the counterfeiting of New KLT cosmetic products as its primary case reference. The findings reveal that while the existing statutory framework provides a sufficient normative basis for criminal prosecution, enforcement effectiveness is constrained by inadequate inter-agency coordination between the Regional Police and BPOM, the proliferation of unmonitored online distribution channels, and the absence of accessible victim compensation mechanisms. This study extends prior research by demonstrating that administrative supervision and criminal law enforcement function as complementary rather than substitutable instruments, and that consistent police-led prosecution is indispensable to closing the deterrence gap that regulatory reform alone cannot address. Stricter sanction implementation and strengthened institutional coordination are recommended to optimize consumer protection outcomes.
Penerapan Hukum Terhadap Penyebaran Hoaks Berbasis AI (AI- Generated Misinformation) A. Djoko Sumaryanto; Naufal Noumi Adam. P; Cut Fadhlan Akhyar; Nurhayati Jafar; Bangun Patrianto
UNES Law Review Vol. 8 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Program Magister Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/vt8h2m31

Abstract

Perkembangan pesat kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) telah mengubah lanskap penyebaran informasi digital, termasuk meningkatnya produksi dan distribusi hoaks berbasis AI seperti deepfake, konten sintetis, dan manipulasi algoritmik. Fenomena ini menimbulkan tantangan serius bagi sistem hukum Indonesia yang pada dasarnya masih dibangun atas paradigma pertanggungjawaban konvensional dan bersifat antropo-sentris. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kerangka normatif penerapan hukum terhadap AI-generated misinformation, mengkaji problematika pertanggungjawaban hukum dalam praktik penegakan hukum, serta menilai kecukupan instrumen hukum yang ada dalam merespons karakter kejahatan informasi berbasis AI. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, melalui penelaahan terhadap UU ITE hasil revisi 2024, KUHP, UU Perlindungan Data Pribadi, serta praktik penegakan hukum dan putusan pengadilan terkait hoaks digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun norma hoaks dalam UU ITE dapat ditafsirkan secara ekstensif dan sistematis untuk menjangkau konten berbasis AI, terdapat kekosongan dan disharmonisasi norma yang berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, over-kriminalisasi, serta ketidakkonsistenan penerapan hukum. Artikel ini menegaskan urgensi pembaruan kerangka normatif dan pengembangan model pertanggungjawaban hukum yang adaptif, responsif terhadap teknologi, dan berorientasi pada perlindungan masyarakat digital.
Co-Authors A. Djoko Sumaryanto Cut Fadhlan Akhyar Naufal Noumi Adam. P Nurhayati Jafar Recha Redian