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All Journal Asian Journal of Agriculture Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
SATRIYAS ILYAS
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Radicle emergence as a rapid indicator of sorghum seed vigor to predict mean germination time, vigor index, and field emergence ADITYA KUSUMAWARDANA; SATRIYAS ILYAS; ABDUL QADIR; TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS; SOERANTO HUMAN; SIHONO SIHONO
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g100124

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Abstract. Kusumawardana A, Ilyas S, Qadir A, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Human S, Sihono. 2026. Radicle emergence as a rapid indicator of sorghum seed vigor to predict mean germination time, vigor index, and field emergence. Asian J Agric 10 (1): g100124. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g100124. This study aimed to develop a standardized radicle emergence test for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) seeds by determining the optimal single-count timing and temperature for the simultaneous assessment of seed vigor and viability. This test was conducted by calculating the percentage of seeds whose radicles had emerged by at least 2 mm in length during a single observation period at the beginning of germination. Seed lots with low radicle emergence rates showed slow germination, reflecting an early physiological indicator of seed deterioration and a key factor contributing to reduced vigor. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with one factor: 12 sorghum genotypes, and four replications (blocks). Radicle length was measured at 2-h intervals from 40 to 48 h, with a minimum length of 2 mm. Results of radicle emergence (production of 2 mm radicle) at 25°C and alternating temperatures 20⇔30°C for 44 h (the optimal time), mean germination time, germination percentage, germination speed, vigor index, maximum growth potential, tetrazolium test, and field emergence were compared using 12 genotypes of sorghum seeds with standard germination above 83%. The single counts of radicle emergence performed at 25°C and 20⇔30°C were highly correlated with key vigor and viability indicators. Correlations with vigor-related traits, such as mean germination time (R²=0.87-0.81), vigor index (R²=0.83-0.89), germination speed (R²=0.73-0.71), and field emergence (R²=0.77-0.70), were strong, as were those with viability parameters, including standard germination (R²=0.66-0.59) and tetrazolium test results (R²=0.58-0.52). This study concludes that a single count of radicle emergence at 44 h, conducted at either 25°C or 20⇔30°C, is a method for simultaneous assessment of seed vigor (mean germination time, vigor index, germination speed, and field emergence) and viability in sorghum, offering a significant improvement over more time-consuming tests, such as germination test that requires 10 days.
Plant growth modeling in six landraces of Bambara groundnut seed production (Vigna subterranea) ASTRYANI ROSYAD; SATRIYAS ILYAS; ABDUL QADIR; M. RAHMAD SUHARTANTO; DIDY SOPANDIE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260508

Abstract

Abstract. Rosyad A, Ilyas S, Qadir A, Suhartanto MR, Sopandie D. 2025. Plant growth modeling in six landraces of Bambara groundnut seed production (Vigna subterranea). Biodiversitas 26: 2097-2105. The unavailability of high-quality seeds, low productivity, and lack of information on ecophysiological responses are the major problems in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) seed production. In this context, agro-climate components influencing plant growth include solar radiation and temperature. These components are quantified in the form of a plant model to influence growth through metabolic processes. A dynamic model is used as a solution to the problem. Therefore, this research aimed to create a dynamic model for the seed production of six Bambara groundnut landraces and to study the physiological processes related to yield. The stages in the model construction included (i) identifying system components, (ii) model construction, (iii) simulation, and (iv) validation. The ecophysiological reaction of plants to temperature and solar radiation in photosynthesis and respiration was constructed using the growth model. Model construction used the STELLA software.  Each landrace has different input components at each stage of development, including the carbohydrate partition coefficient, specific leaf area, extinction coefficient, and light usage efficiency. Simulated seed productivity on Tasikmalaya, Sukabumi, Sumedang, Small Sumedang, Bogor, and Gresik landrace was 2,115 kg ha-1, 2,263 kg ha-1, 1,975 kg ha-1, 1,890 kg ha-1, 2,179 kg ha-1, and 1,975 kg ha-1, respectively. The level of validity of the Tasikmalaya landrace, Sukabumi, Sumedang, Small Sumedang, Bogor, and Gresik growth model reached 82.4%, 82.4%, 94.1%, 82.4%, 88.2%, and 82.4%, respectively. These models are considered fit as the validity is greater than 80%. The seed production growth model with pod dry weight output was named 'The BAMSeed Model'. In practice, this model could benefit the researchers in predicting the yield of bambara groundnut using the selected system components.
Co-Authors ABDUL QADIR ABDUL QADIR ADITYA KUSUMAWARDANA ASTRYANI ROSYAD DIDY SOPANDIE M. RAHMAD SUHARTANTO SIHONO SIHONO SOERANTO HUMAN TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS