Educational organizations increasingly face a critical challenge in sustaining leadership continuity while responding to evolving demands for educational quality, institutional adaptability, and professional competence. This study aims to systematically synthesize recent literature on the relationship among educator career management, talent management, and leadership succession and to develop an integrative framework for strengthening leadership pipelines in educational organizations. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature was identified through Scopus, Garuda, Google Scholar, and Sinta-indexed journals, covering publications from 2019 to 2025. From 142 initially identified records, a rigorous screening and eligibility assessment resulted in 28 studies selected for in-depth thematic synthesis. The findings reveal three interrelated dimensions. First, career management functions as the developmental infrastructure through which educators acquire professional experience, competencies, and leadership exposure necessary for future advancement. Second, talent management serves as the identification and acceleration mechanism, using performance–potential assessment, talent pools, readiness mapping, experiential assignments, coaching, and mentoring to distinguish and develop prospective leaders. Third, leadership succession operates as the continuity mechanism, translating accumulated career development and talent readiness into evidence-based leadership transition. The synthesis further indicates that these functions are frequently implemented in fragmented ways, particularly within educational institutions where succession remains reactive rather than systematically planned. Based on these findings, this study proposes a Three-Layer Integration Framework comprising career infrastructure, talent operationalization, and succession readiness. The framework shifts leadership succession from vacancy-oriented replacement toward a continuous, competency-based process of building leadership readiness and organizational continuity.