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All Journal Southeast Asian Language and Literature Studies Open Access DRIVERset
Salimulloh Tegar Sanubarianto
National Research and Innovation Agency
Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences Other

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Customary Violations and Sanctions: A Comparative Study of Two Indigenous Communities in Bali and South Sulawesi Ni Wayan Sartini; Sarkawi B. Husain; Salimulloh Tegar Sanubarianto; William Bradley Horton
Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies) Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026): Bali Beyond Bali
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JKB.2026.v16.i01.p03

Abstract

This comparative study examines how customary sanctions are applied in response to traditional law violations in Tenganan Pegringsingan (Bali) and Kajang Tanah Towa (South Sulawesi), and how these sanctions sustain ecological balance and social harmony. The research was conducted using in-depth interviews and participatory observation. Various types of sanctions are regulated by written and unwritten rules (traditional written customary law) of Tenganan Pegringsingan, including dosen, penging, sikang, sapa sumaba, and kesah. Meanwhile, in the Kajang Tanah Towa indigenous community, violations of the pasang (oral customary guidelines) are met with mild to severe sanctions. Serious violations are punished with poko’ ba’bala (base of the whip – for severe violations), tangnga ba’bala (middle of the whip – for moderate violations), and cappa ba’bala (tip of the whip – for minor violations). This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how indigenous legal systems function as effective mechanisms for environmental governance and community resilience.
Comparative Historical Analysis of Alor Languages: Toward Proto-Alor-Pantar Reconstruction Salimulloh Tegar Sanubarianto
 Southeast Asian Language and Literature Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): Southeast Asian Languages and Literature Studies
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/salls.2025.13484

Abstract

This study aims to examine the degree of kinship among the Kui, Hamap, and Kamang languages spoken in Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The investigation employs a comparative historical linguistic approach and the lexicostatistical method using 200 Swadesh basic vocabulary items. Data were collected through interviews with native speakers and subsequently analyzed to identify cognate vocabulary, calculate the percentage of cognacy, and construct a kinship tree diagram. The findings reveal that the degree of kinship between the Kui and Hamap languages is 18.5%, between Kui and Kamang is 14%, and between Hamap and Kamang is 12%. Based on the lexicostatistical categories, these three languages belong to the same stock, yet exhibit a low degree of kinship. This finding indicates that although the three languages are geographically spoken in neighboring areas, their kinship relations are relatively distant. This study constitutes an initial step toward the reconstruction of a proto-language in Alor Regency and contributes to the classification of the languages in East Nusa Tenggara.
Co-Authors Ni Wayan Sartini Sarkawi B Husain William Bradley Horton