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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi (JUTIN)
Putra, Muhammad Iqbal
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Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering

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Technical and Economic Evaluation of Agricultural Waste-Based Biological Agents for Laboratory-Scale Ammonia Removal Wiratama, Ihsan; Suhirman, Suhirman; Arvianto, Rizky Ibnufaatih; Nainggolan, Denny Hendrik; Puteri, Denanda Clarasati; Putra, Muhammad Iqbal; Luthfi, Muhammad Zulfikar
Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi (JUTIN) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jutin.v9i2.56944

Abstract

Ammonia contamination in water poses serious ecological risks, while commercial bioremediation agents remain costly for widespread application. This study evaluated the technical and economic performance of a self-formulated biological agent made from golden apple snail shells and banana pseudostems for ammonia removal. A laboratory-scale preliminary experiment used 500 mL batch reactors containing synthetic wastewater in a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial design without replication, comparing EM4 and the self-formulated agent at initial ammonia concentrations of 10, 30, and 50 ppm over 1, 2, and 3 days. Ammonia was measured by the Nessler spectrophotometric method and analyzed using ANOVA GLM. The self-formulated agent showed performance comparable to EM4, with both achieving more than 80% removal under suitable conditions. Removal efficiency was influenced by the interaction between ammonia load and contact time, while cost analysis indicated a potential 92.1% saving. Further replicated pilot-scale studies with abiotic controls and real wastewater are recommended.
Co-Authors Arvianto, Rizky Ibnufaatih Muhammad Zulfikar Luthfi Nainggolan, Denny Hendrik Puteri, Denanda Clarasati SUHIRMAN SUHIRMAN Wiratama, Ihsan