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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Terapan (J-TETA) Energy: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-ilmu Teknik
Sesilia Romalinda
Unknown Affiliation
Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Analisis Kinerja Heat Exchanger Tipe Shell and Tube Berdasarkan Nilai Fouling Factor, Efesiensi, dan Pressure Drop sebagai Indikator Kinerja Operasional Rantika Sekar Nandira; Sarah Dampang; Sesilia Romalinda; Sheryl Ayesha Bruning; Jatmiko
Jurnal Teknik Terapan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : P3M Politeknik Negeri Jember

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Abstract

The oil and gas industry heavily relies on the efficiency of shell-and-tube heat exchangers to maintain operational stability, optimize energy consumption, and preserve product quality. However, the performance of these units is often degraded by fouling, which increases thermal resistance. This study aims to evaluate the actual performance of a heat exchanger unit in the oil and gas industry by analyzing operational data over a specific period. The research methodology involved direct field observation and quantitative analysis based on key performance parameters, including the overall heat transfer coefficient, fouling factor, thermal efficiency, and pressure drop. The fouling factor was calculated as the difference between the clean and dirty heat transfer coefficients, while thermal efficiency was determined as the ratio of the actual heat transferred to the maximum possible heat transfer. Pressure drop analysis was conducted on both the shell and tube sides using friction factor correlations and fluid hydrodynamic parameters to evaluate flow characteristics. The results indicate a fouling factor of 0.2076 hr·ft²·°F/Btu, which significantly exceeds the standard threshold proposed by Kern (0.002–0.005 hr·ft²·°F/Btu). This high level of fouling results in a heat transfer efficiency of only 64.62%, well below the ideal operational standard of 75%. Hydrodynamic analysis shows that the pressure drop is very low (0.0003–0.0006 psi), indicating that the flow is in the laminar regime (Re < 2100). This laminar condition reduces heat transfer effectiveness due to the dominance of conduction and accelerates the deposition of solid particles on the heat transfer surface. Although the unit is still considered operable, the evaluation results highlight the need for immediate cleaning and flow rate optimization to restore the equipment’s performance to optimal levels and prevent further energy losses
Enzymatic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels: Process Mechanisms, Enzyme Optimization, and Industrial Challenges Sesilia Romalinda; Vita Putri Ningtyas; Adha Raihan Fahrezi
ENERGY: JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU-ILMU TEKNIK Vol. 16 No. 1 (2026): ENERGY: JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU-ILMU TEKNIK (January-May 2026 Edition)
Publisher : Universitas Panca Marga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51747/energy.v16i1.1613

Abstract

Biomass conversion to biofuels has gained significant attention as a sustainable alternative to fossil-based energy, with enzymes playing a crucial role in enhancing process efficiency and selectivity under mild operating conditions. This review article examines the roles of key enzymes, including cellulases, hemicellulases, amylases, lipases, and laccases, in lignocellulosic hydrolysis, lignin structure disruption, and lipid esterification and transesterification reactions, enabling the production of bioethanol and biodiesel under milder operating conditions with high selectivity. Comparative insights are provided to highlight the relative performance of these enzymes in terms of conversion efficiency, substrate specificity, operational stability, and tolerance to process conditions, as reported in recent studies. The review further examines enzyme optimization strategies, including immobilization techniques, protein and metabolic engineering approaches, and advanced bioreactor configurations, which have been shown to improve enzyme reusability and overall process productivity. Quantitative performance indicators reported in the literature, such as biofuel yields and conversion efficiencies, are critically analyzed to assess the feasibility of enzymatic routes compared to conventional chemical processes. Finally, key industrial challenges related to enzyme cost, stability, and scalability are discussed, along with emerging technological pathways that support the potential industrial implementation of enzymatic biomass conversion for biofuel production.
Co-Authors Adha Raihan Fahrezi Jatmiko Rantika Sekar Nandira Sarah Dampang Sheryl Ayesha Bruning Vita Putri Ningtyas