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TRANSFORMASI HUKUM PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DI ERA EKONOMI DIGITAL: ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP PUTUSAN WTO DALAM SENGKETA PERDAGANGAN BERBASIS ELEKTRONIK DAN ARUS DATA LINTAS BATAS Suparman; Annie Myranika; Michel Jimmie Kawengian; Suheri; Iwan
Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 7 No 3 (2026): April
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i3.67166

Abstract

Abstrak Transformasi ekonomi global menuju era digital telah mendorong perubahan fundamental dalam praktik perdagangan internasional, khususnya melalui pemanfaatan platform elektronik dan arus data lintas batas (cross-border data flow). Perkembangan ini menimbulkan tantangan baru bagi rezim hukum perdagangan internasional yang selama ini dirancang untuk transaksi konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana hukum perdagangan internasional beradaptasi terhadap dinamika perdagangan digital, dengan menitikberatkan pada analisis yuridis terhadap putusan sengketa di bawah kerangka World Trade Organization (WTO). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan kasus (case approach), melalui kajian terhadap instrumen hukum WTO serta putusan-putusan yang relevan dengan perdagangan elektronik dan pengaturan data lintas batas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun WTO belum memiliki instrumen hukum khusus yang secara komprehensif mengatur perdagangan digital, prinsip-prinsip dasar seperti non-diskriminasi, transparansi, dan liberalisasi perdagangan tetap digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penyelesaian sengketa terkait. Namun demikian, terdapat kekosongan hukum (legal gap) dalam mengakomodasi isu-isu kontemporer seperti perlindungan data, kedaulatan digital, dan pembatasan aliran data oleh negara. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa transformasi hukum perdagangan internasional di era digital memerlukan reformulasi norma dan harmonisasi regulasi global agar mampu menjawab kompleksitas perdagangan berbasis elektronik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peran aktif WTO dalam mengembangkan kerangka hukum yang adaptif dan responsif terhadap perkembangan teknologi digital, guna menjamin kepastian hukum dan keadilan dalam perdagangan internasional. Kata kunci: Hukum Perdagangan Internasional, WTO, Perdagangan Digital, E-Commerce, Arus Data Lintas Batas.   Abstract The transformation of the global economy into the digital era has fundamentally reshaped international trade practices, particularly through the use of electronic platforms and cross-border data flows. These developments pose significant challenges to the existing international trade law regime, which was originally designed for conventional transactions. This study aims to analyze how international trade law adapts to the dynamics of digital trade, with a particular focus on a juridical analysis of dispute settlement decisions under the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing both statute and case approaches by examining WTO legal instruments and relevant dispute settlement decisions concerning electronic commerce and cross-border data regulation. The findings indicate that, although the WTO has yet to establish a comprehensive legal framework specifically governing digital trade, core principles such as non-discrimination, transparency, and trade liberalization continue to serve as the primary basis for resolving related disputes. However, significant legal gaps remain in addressing contemporary issues, including data protection, digital sovereignty, and state-imposed restrictions on data flows. This study concludes that the transformation of international trade law in the digital era necessitates the reformulation of legal norms and the harmonization of global regulations to address the complexities of electronic-based trade. Therefore, a more proactive role of the WTO is required in developing an adaptive and responsive legal framework that ensures legal certainty and fairness in international trade. Keywords: International Trade Law, WTO, Digital Trade, E-Commerce, Cross-Border Data Flow.
STUDI KASUS DEMO BURUH OMNIBUS LAW DAN SENGKETA UPAH UMP 2025: KONFLIK HUKUM KETENAGAKERJAAN PASCA-PEMILU 2024 Suparman; Mustofa Kamil; Michel Jimmie Kawengian; Suheri; Iwan Liem
Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 7 No 3 (2026): April
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i3.67660

Abstract

Abstrak Revisi Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja (Omnibus Law) melalui UU No. 6 Tahun 2023 telah memicu gelombang demo buruh nasional, khususnya aksi Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Indonesia (KSPI) di Cikarang pada 2024, bersamaan dengan sengketa Upah Minimum Provinsi (UMP) 2025 yang digugat ke Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK). Pasca-Pemilu 2024, ketidakpastian regulasi ini mengancam stabilitas industrial relation dan target ekonomi RPJMN 2025-2029. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika yuridis konflik tersebut, mengidentifikasi kelemahan hukum ketenagakerjaan, serta merumuskan rekomendasi reformasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif-empiris dengan analisis kualitatif. Data primer bersumber dari UU No. 11/2020, Putusan MK No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023, dan dokumen Kemnaker; data sekunder dari laporan KSPI, BPS, serta wawancara mendalam dengan 15 responden (pakar hukum UI, aktivis buruh, dan pejabat Kemnaker). Teknik analisis: deskriptif-komparatif dan content analysis. Demo KSPI mencatat 1.200+ kasus mogok kerja (2024), dipicu ketidakseimbangan hak buruh (Pasal 28 UU Cipta Kerja) versus fleksibilitas investor. Sengketa UMP 2025 menunjukkan kegagalan tripartit nasional, dengan inflasi 3,5% tidak tercermin dalam kenaikan upah riil. Konflik ini berpotensi rugi ekonomi Rp 50 triliun akibat downtime produksi. Hukum ketenagakerjaan pasca-omnibus law memerlukan reformasi melalui penguatan Dewan Pengupahan dan klausul mediasi wajib. Penelitian merekomendasikan revisi UU untuk harmonisasi hak mogok dan investasi berkelanjutan. Kata Kunci: Omnibus Law, UMP 2025, demo buruh KSPI, konflik ketenagakerjaan, judicial review MK, industrial relation, pasca-Pemilu 2024.   Abstract The revision of the Job Creation Law (Omnibus Law) via Law No. 6 of 2023 has triggered nationwide labor demonstrations, particularly the Indonesian Confederation of Trade Unions (KSPI) actions in Cikarang in 2024, coinciding with disputes over Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) 2025 challenged at the Constitutional Court (MK). Post-2024 Election, this regulatory uncertainty threatens industrial relations stability and the 2025-2029 RPJMN economic targets. This study aims to analyze the juridical dynamics of these conflicts, identify weaknesses in labor law, and formulate reform recommendations. The study employs a normative-empirical juridical approach with qualitative analysis. Primary data are sourced from Law No. 11/2020, MK Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023, and Ministry of Manpower documents; secondary data from KSPI reports, BPS statistics, and in-depth interviews with 15 respondents (UI legal experts, labor activists, and Manpower officials). Analysis techniques: descriptive-comparative and content analysis. KSPI demonstrations recorded over 1,200 strike cases (2024), driven by imbalances in workers' rights (Article 28 of the Job Creation Law) versus investor flexibility. The UMP 2025 dispute highlights tripartite mechanism failures, with 3.5% inflation not reflected in real wage increases. These conflicts risk Rp 50 trillion in economic losses from production downtime. Post-omnibus law labor regulations require reform through strengthened Wage Councils and mandatory mediation clauses. The study recommends UU revisions for harmonizing strike rights and sustainable investment. Keywords: Omnibus Law, UMP 2025, KSPI labor demonstrations, labor law conflicts, MK judicial review, industrial relations, post-2024 Election.
HUBUNGAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERSEROAN TERBATAS DENGAN GOOD GOVERNANCE DALAM DUNIA BISNIS Suparman; Pandri Zulfikar; Michel Jimmie Kawengian; Suheri; Iwan Liem
Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 7 No 3 (2026): April
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i3.67801

Abstract

Abstrak Good governance dalam dunia bisnis merupakan prinsip fundamental yang berorientasi pada terciptanya tata kelola perusahaan yang transparan, akuntabel, bertanggung jawab, independen, dan berkeadilan. Penerapan prinsip tersebut menjadi kebutuhan penting dalam menghadapi perkembangan dunia usaha modern yang semakin kompleks dan kompetitif. Dalam sistem hukum indonesia, undang-undang perseroan terbatas berperan sebagai instrumen hukum yang mengatur struktur, mekanisme, serta tanggung jawab organ perseroan guna mendukung pelaksanaan good governance dalam kegiatan bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara undang-undang perseroan terbatas dengan penerapan prinsip-prinsip good governance dalam dunia bisnis, serta mengkaji sejauh mana pengaturan dalam uu pt mampu menjadi landasan hukum bagi terciptanya tata kelola perusahaan yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa undang-undang perseroan terbatas secara substansial telah mengadopsi prinsip-prinsip good governance, terutama melalui pengaturan mengenai transparansi informasi perusahaan, akuntabilitas direksi dan dewan komisaris, tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, independensi organ perseroan, serta perlindungan hak pemegang saham dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya. Pengaturan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa uu pt memiliki hubungan yang erat dengan upaya mewujudkan tata kelola perusahaan yang sehat, profesional, dan berkelanjutan dalam dunia bisnis. Namun demikian, implementasi good governance dalam praktik masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti lemahnya pengawasan, konflik kepentingan, rendahnya kepatuhan hukum, dan budaya perusahaan yang belum sepenuhnya menjunjung prinsip tata kelola yang baik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan penegakan hukum, peningkatan efektivitas pengawasan perusahaan, serta internalisasi nilai-nilai good governance dalam budaya korporasi agar penerapan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik dapat berjalan secara optimal dan memberikan kepastian hukum dalam dunia bisnis. Kata kunci: good governance; undang-undang perseroan terbatas; tata kelola perusahaan; hukum bisnis.   Abstract Good governance in the business sector constitutes a fundamental principle aimed at creating corporate management that is transparent, accountable, responsible, independent, and fair. The implementation of these principles has become increasingly important in response to the growing complexity and competitiveness of the modern business environment. Within the indonesian legal system, the limited liability company law serves as the primary legal instrument governing corporate structure, mechanisms, and the responsibilities of corporate organs in supporting the implementation of good governance in business activities. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the limited liability company law and the implementation of good governance principles in the business world, as well as to examine the extent to which the provisions of the company law provide a legal foundation for the realization of sound corporate governance. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources analyzed through descriptive qualitative methods. The results of the study indicate that the limited liability company law substantively accommodates the principles of good governance, particularly through regulations concerning corporate information transparency, accountability of directors and boards of commissioners, corporate social responsibility, independence of corporate organs, and protection of shareholders’ and stakeholders’ rights. These provisions demonstrate that the company law has a close relationship with efforts to establish healthy, professional, and sustainable corporate governance in the business sector. However, the implementation of good governance in practice still faces several challenges, including weak supervision, conflicts of interest, low legal compliance, and corporate cultures that do not fully uphold the principles of good governance. Therefore, strengthening law enforcement, improving the effectiveness of corporate supervision, and internalizing good governance values within corporate culture are necessary to ensure the optimal implementation of good corporate governance and to provide legal certainty in the business world. Keywords: good governance; limited liability company law; corporate governance; business law.