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All Journal Jurnal Ecocentrism Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Unmas (Jitumas) Denpasar
Gunas Junior, Filemon Bram
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Energy Engineering Environmental Science Transportation

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ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK FILTRASI DENGAN MEDIA BIOCHAR UNTUK PENURUNAN KONSENTRASI AMMONIUM DAN FOSFAT Gunas Junior, Filemon Bram; Enggar Maharani, Shinta; Wahyu Wijaya, I Made
Jurnal Ecocentrism Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Ecocentrism
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/jeco.v6i1.13807

Abstract

This study is motivated by the high concentration of nutrients, particularly ammonium (NH₄⁺) and phosphate (PO₄³⁻), in domestic wastewater, which can lead to eutrophication if not properly treated. The objective of this research is to analyze the hydraulic characteristics and filtration performance of biochar media in a two-compartment filtration system for domestic wastewater treatment. The study was conducted experimentally using a laboratory-scale filtration unit with effective dimensions of 200 mm × 200 mm and a media height of 700 mm. The system was operated under continuous flow conditions at a discharge rate of 50 L/h for 3 hours per day. The analyzed parameters included filtration effectiveness duration, bed volume (BV), head loss, permeability coefficient (K), and hydraulic retention time (HRT), as well as the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate, measured using spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that the filtration effectiveness duration reached 28.17 hours, with a total treated water volume of 1.4083 m³, equivalent to 66.45 BV. The head loss value of 0.50 m remained relatively stable throughout the operation, indicating no significant clogging of the media. The permeability coefficient of 3.12 × 10⁻⁴ m/s indicates moderate to high permeability, with an HRT ranging from 21 to 25 minutes. The biochar media achieved ammonium removal efficiencies of 65–75% and significantly reduced phosphate concentrations, with the highest efficiency observed at the initial stage before declining due to media saturation.
EFEKTIVITAS FILTER BIOCHAR PADA PENURUNAN KONSENTRASI AMMONIUM (NH₄⁺) DAN FOSFAT (PO₄³⁻) DALAM AIR LIMBAH Maharani, Shinta Enggar; Gunas Junior, Filemon Bram; Wahyu Wijaya, I Made
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar (JITUMAS) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Unmas (Jitumas) Denpasar
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/jitumas.v6i1.13770

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the concentration trends of ammonium (NH₄⁺) and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) during 20 days of operation in a two-compartment biochar filtration system under continuous flow conditions, and to compare the performance of magnesium-activated biochar and non-activated biochar. Samples were collected daily from the influent (IN), effluent compartment 1 (EF1), and effluent compartment 2 (EF2). Concentrations were analyzed using spectrophotometric methods, and removal efficiency was calculated based on the difference between influent and effluent concentrations.The results showed that magnesium-activated biochar exhibited more effective and stable performance compared to non-activated biochar. For ammonium removal, activated biochar achieved efficiencies of 65–75%, while non-activated biochar only reached 30–60% and experienced a faster decline in performance due to media saturation. In terms of phosphate removal, activated biochar achieved efficiencies of 25–40% through Mg–PO₄ complex formation and micro-precipitation mechanisms. In contrast, non-activated biochar was ineffective and even showed negative removal efficiencies (-100% to -250%) due to phosphate leaching.Overall, magnesium activation significantly enhanced adsorption capacity, extended the effective operational period, and delayed media saturation in the continuous filtration system. Therefore, chemical modification of biochar is strongly recommended to improve nutrient removal performance in domestic wastewater treatment systems.
Co-Authors Enggar Maharani, Shinta I Made Wahyu Wijaya Shinta Enggar Maharani