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All Journal Berajah Journal
Ervawati
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Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Library & Information Science Social Sciences

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Journal : Berajah Journal

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FRAGMENTASI HUKUM PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DI ERA RIVALITAS GEOPOLITIK GLOBAL TANTANGAN MULTILATERALISME DAN PERAN REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS Dadang Rachmat; Annie Myranika; Ervawati; Dede Agus Sodikin; Djamal Efendi
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i2.270

Abstract

The increasingly multipolar nature of the global order has led to the fragmentation of the international trade law system, which was previously built upon the multilateral framework of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The crisis in the WTO’s Appellate Body since 2019, characterised by the United States’ practice of ‘appealing into the void’, has paralysed the two-tier dispute settlement mechanism that was the hallmark of the multilateral trading system. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the proliferation of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), which have reached nearly 600 agreements by 2023, creating overlapping jurisdictions and inconsistent legal interpretations. This study examines, from a normative-legal perspective, how geopolitical rivalry between major powers—the United States, China, and Russia—is accelerating the fragmentation of international trade law through instruments such as economic sanctions, trade wars, and the formation of alternative economic blocs like BRICS. The analysis reveals that legal fragmentation not only threatens the principles of legal certainty and predictability in international trade relations, but also opens the door to the formation of a more adaptive pluralistic legal order in response to the dynamics of national economic security. The study’s conclusions recommend the need for fundamental reform of the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) through a critical mass-based plurilateral decision-making mechanism to address consensus paralysis, as well as the strengthening of ASEAN’s role as a mediator for regulatory harmonisation amidst global economic bloc competition.
KEBIJAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP FENOMENA AI VOICE CLONING DI INDONESIA Dadang Rachmat; Mustofa Kamil; Ervawati; Dede Agus Sodikin; Djamal Efendi
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i2.485

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has produced significant innovations, including AI Voice Cloning which enables replication of human voice with very high accuracy. Although this phenomenon has potential positive applications in various sectors, it also poses serious risks related to fraud, identity falsification, privacy violations, and intellectual property rights infringement. In Indonesia, specific regulations regarding AI Voice Cloning are not yet available, so handling this phenomenon relies on interpretation from various existing legal instruments. This study analyzes the relevant legal framework, jurisdictional challenges, and socio-economic implications of AI Voice Cloning using normative legal research methods and interdisciplinary approaches. The results show that Indonesian legal policy requires comprehensive development covering technical regulations, protection of voice rights as intellectual property objects, digital verification mechanisms, and harmonization with international standards. This study recommends the formation of specific regulations, strengthening law enforcement capacity, and developing an AI ethics ecosystem involving multi-stakeholders.
ANALISIS HUKUM PENGGUNAAN BIOMETRIC VERIFICATION PADA LAYANAN PERBANKAN DIGITAL Djamal Efendi; Hasnah Aziz; Ervawati; Dede Agus Sodikin; Dian Retno Widayati
Berajah Journal Vol. 6 No. 3 (2026): Berajah Journal
Publisher : CV. Lafadz Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/bj.v6i3.540

Abstract

Digital transformation in the banking sector has produced significant innovation in the form of biometric verification as an authentication mechanism in digital banking services. Biometric technology that includes facial recognition, fingerprints, iris scanning, and voice patterns offers a superior level of security and convenience compared to conventional authentication methods. However, the use of biometric verification raises fundamental legal complexities related to personal data protection, bank liability for system failures, and compliance with financial regulations and consumer protection. This article aims to analyze juridically the legal framework for the use of biometric verification in digital banking services in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative with a normative-empirical legal approach. Data was collected through studies of legislation, regulator policies, industry reports, and scientific literature studies. The results show that the use of biometric verification faces multidimensional juridical challenges including regulatory weaknesses that do not comprehensively regulate biometric technology aspects, ambiguity in the distribution of responsibility between banks and customers for authentication failures, and limited mechanisms for protecting customers from biometric data misuse. This article recommends the need for harmonization of legislation, strengthening of biometric technology security standards, and development of proportional accountability mechanisms to create a safe and fair digital banking ecosystem.
Co-Authors Annie Myranika Dadang Rachmat Dede Agus Sodikin Dian Retno Widayati Djamal Efendi Hasnah Aziz Mustofa Kamil