VARIASI ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE DALAM TUTURAN MASYARAKAT MULTILINGUAL DI KABUPATEN PANGKEP (KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK)

Setiaji, Aria Bayu
Mursalin, Enggal

Lingue : Jurnal Bahasa, Budaya, dan Sastra
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): Language, Culture, and Literature Studies

Abstract This study aims to describe variations in code-switching and code-mixing in Indonesian (BI), Makassar (BM), and Bugis (BB) languages and the social factors that cause them. This qualitative research uses data in the form of speeches from multilingual communities in the Pangkajene market, Pangkep Regency. Data were collected through observation and listening methods with recording and recording techniques. Based on the research results, it was found that code-switching variations were (1) BI basic code, resulting in variations of BI to BM and BI to BB code-switching; (2) BB base code, giving rise to variations of BB code-switching to BI; and (3) BM base code, giving rise to variations of BM code-switching to BI. Furthermore, code-mixing variations were found with the BI, BB, and BM basic codes. Factors that cause code-switching are changes in the purpose of the conversation and participants, the presence of a third person, and other purposes as well as adjustments to the language code. While the factors causing code-mixing are the lack of fluency in the language, the use of popular terms, and the aim of establishing familiarity in buying and selling activities.Keywords: code switching, code mixing, multilingual society Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan variasi alih kode dan campur kode bahasa Indonesia (BI), bahasa Makassar (BM), dan bahasa Bugis (BB) serta faktor-faktor sosial penyebabnya. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan data berupa tuturan masyarakat multilingual di pasar Pangkajene Kabupaten Pangkep. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi dan simak dengan teknik rekam dan pencatatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan variasi alih kode yaitu (1) Kode dasar  BI, memunculkan variasi alih kode BI ke BM dan BI ke BB; (2) kode dasar BB, memunculkan variasi alih kode BB ke BI; dan (3) kode dasar BM, memunculkan variasi alih kode BM ke BI. Selanjutnya, ditemukan variasi campur kode dengan kode dasar BI, BB, dan BM. Faktor yang menyebabkan alih kode yaitu perubahan tujuan pembicaraan dan partisipan, adanya orang ketiga dan maksud lain serta penyesuaian kode bahasa. Sedangkan faktor penyebab campur kode yaitu kurangnya fasih berbahasa, adanya penggunaan istilah popular dan tujuan menjalin keakraban dalam aktivitas jual-beli..Kata kunci: Alih Kode, Campur kode, Masyarakat Multilingual