Indonesian Version of WHO-5 Well-being Index Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic Settings: Scale Validation and Standardisation

Rena Latifa (Faculty of Psychology, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
Kay Chang (Psychology of Department, University of Macau, Macau (SAR))
Andrian Liem (Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia)
Natris Idriyani (Faculty of Psychology, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
Adiyo Roebianto (Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia)
Muthia Rahmah (Faculty of Psychology, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)
Valendra Granitha Shandika Puri (Faculty of Psychology, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta)

Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi dan Pendidikan Indonesia (JP3I)
Vol 12, No 2 (2023): JP3I

The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is a frequently used brief standard measure in large-scale clinical studies. However, no research specifically on the validity test of WHO-5 was found in Indonesia before the pandemic. This study aims to test the validity of the Indonesian version of the 5-item WHO-5 in the COVID-19 pandemic setting. The online survey was used to collect data from February-2021 to September 2021. 1,084 Indonesians who were directly or indirectly affected by COVID-19 completed the survey. The scale was validated with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Item Response Theory (IRT). The CFA and IRT analysis showed that the WHO-5 is valid. Thus, the WHO-5 is a short questionnaire that consists of five non-invasive questions adequate to measure the psychological well-being of the Indonesian sample, especially during the COVID-19 Pandemic, and could be used in other pandemics or crises.