<![CDATA[The colonial education system introduced by the Dutch government in Indonesia had a significant impact on the Muslim community, affecting social, political, and religious aspects. This study aims to explore the responses of Muslims to the colonial education system, focusing on the forms of resistance, adaptation, and changes that occurred within the Muslim society in Indonesia. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a literature review method, where data is gathered through an analysis of various sources, such as historical books, academic articles, and relevant documents related to this topic. The findings of the study reveal that Muslims in Indonesia had diverse responses to colonial education. Many felt that the education system implemented by the Dutch aimed to weaken their religious and cultural identity. In response, several Muslim groups established religious schools, such as pesantren, to preserve Islamic teachings and strengthen their identity. On the other hand, some groups chose to adapt to the colonial education system in order to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to face the challenges of the time. The study concludes that the Muslim responses to colonial education were not uniform. While many opposed it and created alternative educational systems, others attempted to make use of the colonial education system for the advancement of the Muslim community. These differing responses reflect the complexity of social and cultural dynamics among Muslims during the colonial period, involving resistance, adaptation, and accommodation to colonial dominance. This research provides deeper insights into how Muslims strove to maintain their identity in the face of the challenges posed by colonial education.]]>
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