<![CDATA[This study aims to analyze the role of fintech and e-commerce as catalysts in driving the digital transformation of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, and to identify the key factors influencing digital technology adoption among MSME actors. Employing a mixed-method approach, the research surveyed 450 MSME operators across five provinces (West Java, Central Java, East Java, North Sumatra, and South Sulawesi) who have adopted digital platforms, complemented by in-depth interviews with 25 key informants. Data were collected over six months (March–August 2024) using structured questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative analysis employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), while qualitative insights were examined through thematic analysis. The findings reveal that fintech adoption has improved MSMEs' access to financing by 67%, while e-commerce utilization has expanded market reach by 340%. Major adoption factors include ease of use (β=0.45), technological support (β=0.38), and digital literacy (β=0.33). Both fintech and e-commerce serve as significant catalysts for the digital transformation of Indonesian MSMEs. This study offers a roadmap for policymakers and stakeholders to strengthen a digital ecosystem that fosters sustainable MSME growth.]]>
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