Kerukunan Beragama di Tengah Perbedaan Agama-Agama dan Moderasi Beragama di Indonesia: Suatu Perspektif Teologis: Religious Harmony Amid Religious Differences and Religious Moderation in Indonesia: A Theological Perspective

Sinaga, Andri Vincent
Mussu, Ronald Engelhard
Winanto, Oey Natanael

Journal of Religious and Socio-Cultural
Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Journal of Religious and Socio-Cultural Vol.6 No.1 (April 2025)

This study addresses the erosion of religious harmony and tolerance in Indonesia, caused by various factors, including religiously motivated conflicts and radicalism. Despite government efforts to promote a harmonious religious life through regulations, conflicts persist, leading to discomfort and disharmony. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach and document analysis, focusing on government regulations, the concept of religious harmony, and theological perspectives from various religions on interfaith harmony. The study finds that the essence of religious harmony lies in mutual recognition, respect, and tolerance of different beliefs and practices. The goal of religious harmony is to establish peaceful relationships, mutual respect, and support for the existence of other religious communities. The concept of Tri Kerukunan Umat Beragama (Threefold Religious Harmony) includes internal religious harmony, interfaith harmony, and harmony between religious communities and the government. Factors contributing to religious conflicts include exclusivist attitudes, rejection of differences, and intolerance. The government has established the Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB) to address these issues. Theological perspectives from various religions (Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism) support the concept of religious harmony and moderation as paths to achieving peace. The implementation of religious moderation, which balances exclusivity and inclusivity, is crucial for fostering religious harmony and tolerance in Indonesia’s plural and multicultural society. This research contributes by providing a theological and practical framework for promoting peace and tolerance in Indonesia. Penelitian ini membahas erosi kerukunan dan toleransi antar umat beragama di Indonesia, yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk konflik yang berlatar agama dan radikalisasi. Meskipun pemerintah telah berupaya mempromosikan kehidupan beragama yang harmonis melalui peraturan, konflik tetap terjadi, yang menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan dan ketidakharmonisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur dan analisis dokumen, yang berfokus pada peraturan pemerintah, konsep kerukunan beragama, dan pandangan teologis dari berbagai agama mengenai kerukunan antar umat beragama. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa esensi kerukunan beragama terletak pada saling mengakui, menghargai, dan mentolerir perbedaan keyakinan dan praktik beragama. Tujuan kerukunan beragama adalah membangun hubungan yang damai, saling menghormati, dan mendukung keberadaan komunitas agama lain. Konsep Tri Kerukunan Umat Beragama mencakup kerukunan internal umat beragama, kerukunan antar umat beragama, dan kerukunan antara umat beragama dengan pemerintah. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan konflik antar umat beragama meliputi sikap eksklusif, penolakan terhadap perbedaan, dan intoleransi. Pemerintah telah membentuk Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB) untuk menangani masalah-masalah ini. Pandangan teologis dari berbagai agama (Kristen, Islam, Hindu, Buddha, dan Konghucu) mendukung konsep kerukunan beragama dan moderasi beragama sebagai jalan menuju perdamaian. Implementasi moderasi beragama, yang menyeimbangkan eksklusivitas dan inklusivitas, sangat penting untuk mewujudkan kerukunan dan toleransi antar umat beragama di masyarakat Indonesia yang plural dan multikultural. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dengan menyediakan kerangka teologis dan praktis untuk mempromosikan perdamaian dan toleransi di Indonesia.