Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Sciences
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): J. Pharm. Nat. Sci.

Impact of Dietary Lead (Pb) on the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review

Samsul, Erwin (Unknown)
Muzaqi, Muhammad Choirul (Unknown)
Yotam, Yotam (Unknown)
Putra, Mitosie Gunarsa Caesar (Unknown)
Mutiara, Nur Adinda (Unknown)
Gunawan, Jevon Ecclesia (Unknown)
Rahman, Muhammad Alif (Unknown)
Salsabila, Syifa Kamila (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
04 Sep 2025

Abstract

Lead (Pb), a toxic heavy metal, frequently contaminates food and beverages due to environmental pollution and industrial processes. This study reviews lead's toxic effects on the human gastrointestinal tract through a narrative literature review from credible databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. Findings reveal that lead concentrations vary by food type, processing methods, and storage duration. For instance, lead levels in preserved eggs range from 334-1782 mg/kg, exceeding the safe limit (0.25 mg/kg), causing nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Unwashed pears reached 18.5 mg/kg after 12 days, triggering similar symptoms. In contrast, grapes and vegetables showed low lead levels (<0.04 mg/kg) with no significant clinical effects. Food poisoning cases like contaminated candy in schools highlight the urgent need for strict monitoring. This review emphasizes strengthening food safety regulations, raising public awareness, and promoting further research to reduce exposure in the global food supply chain

Copyrights © 2025






Journal Info

Abbrev

jpns

Publisher

Subject

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

Description

The Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Sciences (JPNS; ISSN 3047-5457) is a scientific, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published by B-CRETA Publisher (CV. Borneo Citra Kreatama). The journal publishes three issues per year) and is available only in the online format. JPNS publishes ...