<![CDATA[This study analyzes the evolution of women’s political representation at the local level in Indonesia, without being limited to a specific period. The background of this research arises from the fact that, although Indonesia has established a legal framework encouraging women’s participation in politics, the gap between formal and substantive representation remains striking. This study employs a qualitative approach through a descriptive literature review of various sources, including academic journals, books, and research reports. The findings indicate that, despite significant progress in women’s political participation, their substantive representation still faces numerous challenges, such as structural barriers, patriarchal culture, limited access to political resources, and the stigmatization of traditional gender roles. Nevertheless, opportunities remain open through the presence of female change agents who are able to build political influence through community networks, gender issue advocacy, and self-capacity building. This study emphasizes the need for affirmative policy reforms and the strengthening of women’s political capacity so that their representation is not merely symbolic but can also drive structural transformation towards achieving gender equality in local politics in Indonesia. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisis evolusi representasi politik perempuan di tingkat lokal di Indonesia secara umum, tanpa dibatasi periode tertentu. Latar belakang kajian ini berangkat dari kenyataan bahwa meskipun Indonesia telah memiliki kerangka hukum yang mendorong keterlibatan perempuan dalam politik, kesenjangan antara representasi formal dan substantif masih tetap mencolok. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi pustaka deskriptif terhadap berbagai sumber, termasuk jurnal ilmiah, buku, dan laporan penelitian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun partisipasi politik perempuan telah mengalami perkembangan signifikan, representasi substantif mereka masih dihadapkan pada berbagai tantangan, seperti hambatan struktural, budaya patriarkal, keterbatasan akses terhadap sumber daya politik, serta stigmatisasi peran gender tradisional. Namun demikian, peluang tetap terbuka melalui hadirnya agen-agen perubahan perempuan yang berhasil membangun pengaruh politik melalui jaringan komunitas, advokasi isu-isu gender, dan penguatan kapasitas diri. Studi ini menegaskan perlunya reformasi kebijakan afirmatif serta penguatan kapasitas politik perempuan agar representasi mereka tidak hanya bersifat simbolik, tetapi juga mampu mendorong transformasi struktural menuju terciptanya kesetaraan gender dalam politik lokal di Indonesia.]]>
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