Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (JAS)
Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (JAS)

Relevansi Batas Usia Perkawinan dalam Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif terhadap Pencegahan Pernikahan Dini di Pandeglang

Guntur Gusti Nugraha (Unknown)
Amum Mahbub Ali (Unknown)
Fauzi Rahmat Pamula (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 May 2025

Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of early marriage in Pandeglang District, a region with one of the highest rates of child marriage in Banten Province, Indonesia. Rooted in socio-cultural traditions, economic hardship, and low levels of education, early marriage persists despite the revision of Indonesia's Marriage Law through Law No. 16 of 2019, which sets the minimum marriage age at 19 for both genders. Positioned at the intersection of Islamic legal norms and national law, this research explores how early marriage is legitimized or challenged through both religious and state frameworks. Using a qualitative socio-legal approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with religious leaders, judges, families, and underage spouses, alongside analysis of legal documents and classical Islamic jurisprudence. The findings reveal a gap between legal norms and community practices, where dispensations granted by religious courts often undermine protective legislation. Moreover, interpretations of Islamic law that emphasize baligh (puberty) over psychological readiness contribute to the persistence of early marriage. This study highlights the urgency of contextualizing Islamic legal principles—particularly the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah—to align with child protection standards in national law, emphasizing that legal harmonization must be supported by educational and cultural transformation at the grassroots level.   Keywords: Child Marriage, Islamic Law, Positive Law,   Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji fenomena pernikahan dini di Kabupaten Pandeglang, sebuah wilayah dengan tingkat pernikahan anak tertinggi di Provinsi Banten, Indonesia. Praktik ini berlangsung karena tradisi sosial-budaya, tekanan ekonomi, dan rendahnya tingkat pendidikan, meskipun Undang-Undang Perkawinan telah direvisi melalui UU No. 16 Tahun 2019 yang menetapkan batas usia minimal perkawinan 19 tahun bagi laki-laki dan perempuan. Penelitian ini berada pada titik temu antara norma hukum Islam dan hukum positif, dengan tujuan memahami bagaimana praktik pernikahan dini dilegitimasi atau ditentang oleh kedua kerangka hukum tersebut. Dengan pendekatan yuridis-sosiologis kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan tokoh agama, hakim, keluarga, dan pasangan usia dini, serta analisis dokumen hukum dan literatur fiqh klasik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara norma hukum dan praktik masyarakat, di mana dispensasi yang diberikan oleh Pengadilan Agama sering kali melemahkan perlindungan hukum. Selain itu, penafsiran hukum Islam yang menitikberatkan pada baligh dibanding kesiapan psikologis turut memperkuat praktik ini. Penelitian ini menegaskan urgensi kontekstualisasi prinsip hukum Islam khususnya maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, agar selaras dengan standar perlindungan anak dalam hukum nasional, serta perlunya harmonisasi hukum didukung oleh pendidikan dan transformasi budaya di tingkat akar rumput.   Kata Kunci: Pernikahan Anak, Hukum Islam, Hukum Positif

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Journal Info

Abbrev

JAS

Publisher

Subject

Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

Description

Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (JAS) is the scholarly journal that publishes original and contemporary researches and thoughts concerning with: Islamic Law Family Studies Marriage Inheritance Gender Human ...