<![CDATA[Pepper fruit (Piper nigrum L.) is an agricultural commodity whose market value strongly depends on its ripeness level at harvest. Ripeness determination, which is still commonly performed through visual observation, tends to be inaccurate and subjective. This study aims to classify the ripeness level of pepper fruit based on skin color using an ensemble learning approach. The dataset consists of 1,996 pepper fruit images categorized into four ripeness levels unripe, semi ripe, ripe, and overripe. Color features were extracted from the HSV color model using color moment statistics including mean, standard deviation, and skewness. Random Forest and XGBoost models were combined using a soft voting method. The results show that the ensemble model achieved 98.25% accuracy, 98.30% precision, 98.27% recall, and 98.26% F1-score. The ensemble approach proved superior to single models by providing more accurate and stable classification of pepper fruit ripeness.]]>
Copyrights © 2025
