<![CDATA[The increase in global coastal risk requires a fundamental shift from the technocentric Protection paradigm, which seeks to resist hazards, toward Radical Adaptation, which emphasizes transformation and coexistence. This study aims to systematically review the philosophical implications ontological, epistemological, and ethical of this risk transformation in the context of Indonesia’s coastline. Using an analytical philosophical literature review, it synthesizes empirical and conceptual works on vulnerability, Nature-based Solutions, and local wisdom relevant to Indonesian coastal communities. The analysis employs Busby et al.’s typology of risk transformation to compare how Protection and Radical Adaptation frame the nature of risk, the sources of valid knowledge, and the moral obligations of coastal governance. The findings indicate that the Protection paradigm is grounded in strong anthropocentrism and a view of risk as an external, controllable threat, whereas Radical Adaptation treats risk as an intrinsic feature of coastal existence that demands relational living with dynamic seascapes. This shift raises issues of spatial and temporal justice and calls for integrating scientific and local epistemologies to strengthen social resilience. The study concludes that reorienting toward Radical Adaptation requires reformulating coastal policy objectives around an ethics of responsibility, coexistence, and intergenerational climate justice.]]>
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