<![CDATA[Indonesia’s education system is currently confronted with the dual demands of digital adaptation and persistent infrastructural disparities, making the role of school principals in remote, frontier, and outermost regions (3T) exceptionally critical. This literature review aims to analyze the practices, challenges, and human resource management (HRM) strategies employed by school principals in these infrastructure-limited areas. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with a thematic analysis approach, the study examines 24 selected articles from an initial pool of 62 publications published between 2020 and 2025. The selection process was based on relevance to HRM and educational leadership in remote regions. The findings indicate that school principals in 3T areas face a “double burden”: managing shortages in basic infrastructure that affect teacher retention and motivation, while simultaneously meeting national digital competency requirements. Rigid HRM models are shown to be ineffective for the contextual realities of 3T regions. Effective strategies emphasize adaptive and collaborative leadership, as well as strengthening teacher collaboration as a form of continuous professional development. The review concludes that participatory and innovative leadership are key factors in successful HRM within infrastructurally constrained environments. The study’s implications highlight the need for more contextualized principal training policies that go beyond administrative orientation.]]>
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