<![CDATA[The escalation of the Palestine–Israel conflict intensified after the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023, marking a new phase of war and worsening threats to civilian security. Religious and historical ties have driven Indonesia’s consistent support for peace and Palestinian independence. This article examines the role of Indonesian ulama, both organizationally and individually, in advocating peace following the attack. Employing a qualitative library research method, the study applies Galtung’s peace theory, Lederach’s peacebuilding pyramid, and Brewer, Higgins, and Teeney’s concept of bridging social capital. The findings indicate that the conflict has not yet reached negative peace, let alone positive peace. Indonesian ulama play an important role through four strategic social spheres by calling for an end to violence and engaging in humanitarian, political, and diplomatic efforts, as well as the boycott of Israeli and affiliated products, particularly through MUI, NU, and Muhammadiyah. These efforts reflect their engagement at the levels of top leadership, middle-range leadership, and grassroots leadership.]]>
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