<![CDATA[This study aims to develop ICT-based teaching materials that integrate the Project-Based Learning (PBL) and Flipped Classroom models to enhance students’ independent learning skills. The research employed a Research and Development (RD) approach using the 4-D model: define, design, develop, and disseminate. The define stage involved interviews, analysis of textbooks and teaching materials, and review of learning objectives to identify field needs. The design stage produced a textbook prototype for a flipped classroom, aligned with PjBL syntax. The development stage included validation and practicality testing by subject-matter experts, media experts, and 15 graduate students in the Islamic Education Program at UIN Mahmud Yunus Batusangkar. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Aiken’s V. Results showed that the instrument validity was 0.77; subject-matter expert validity reached 0.82 (highly valid); media expert validity was 0.75 (highly valid); and student practicality was 94.67% (highly practical). Dissemination was conducted on a limited scale among students enrolled in ICT-based learning media courses. The findings indicate that the textbook is valid and practical for supporting ICT-based learning. Future research should involve more experts and develop additional instructional materials.]]>
Copyrights © 2026
