<![CDATA[Beef has become one of the main protein sources for urban households. Following the 2022 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreak, consumers may adjust purchasing and consumption behavior due to heightened food-safety risk perceptions and disruptions in the beef supply chain. This study examines how the FMD outbreak, together with household socio-economic characteristics, relates to changes in urban beef consumption. The study was conducted in Malang City using surveys of 100 household respondents who consume beef. The data were analyzed descriptively, with a before-and-after FMD comparison and multiple linear regression with a natural log model for the factors affecting demand. The study's findings confirmed that FMD significantly decreased several consumption-related indicators, including the frequency and volume of beef purchases, as well as the mode of purchase, with a shift from traditional to modern markets and even to e-commerce. Beef consumption generally continued, but households adopted more risk-moderated patterns. Regression results suggest that household size, income, and education are key correlates of beef demand during the outbreak, whereas beef price and prices of alternative proteins show limited explanatory power in this sample. This study contributes empirical evidence on outbreak-driven demand adjustment and channel switching among urban consumers. The findings imply that strengthening food-safety communication, traceability, and consumer education may help stabilize demand and support safer purchasing decisions during future animal-disease events.]]>
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