Profesi Pendidikan Dasar
Vol. 12, No. 3, December 2025

‘HydroAR’: An Innovative Augmented Reality Learning Media for Water Cycle Material in Elementary School

Eliya Rochmah (Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon)
Widia Nur Jannah (Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon)
Fanny Septiani Rahayu (Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon)
Dewi Yulianawati (Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon)
Farah Mohamad Zain (School of Education, Universiti Utara Malaysia)
Alifsyam Islamulmuflikhun (Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon)



Article Info

Publish Date
31 Dec 2025

Abstract

The water cycle is a fundamental science topic in primary education; however, its abstract and dynamic processes are often difficult for students to understand, highlighting the need for interactive learning media that can visualize concepts clearly. The primary objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of HydroAR, an AR-based learning medium, in improving primary students’ understanding and interest in the water cycle. Utilising the 4D Research and Development (R&D) model comprising the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The research involved a limited-scale pilot study with 22 students and one teacher, followed by a wider dissemination trial involving 30 students in Cirebon Regency. Data were collected via material and media expert questionnaires, alongside teacher and student response surveys, and were subsequently analysed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. HydroAR was successfully developed with interactive visualizations that made abstract concepts clearer and more engaging. Expert evaluations rated it as very feasible. Student usability results showed acceptable SUS scores of 83.18% and 85.58%. The implementation increased learning interest and improved water cycle understanding, indicating AR’s potential to support interactive teaching and effective science concept visualization.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

ppd

Publisher

Subject

Education Mathematics Other

Description

Profesi Pendidikan Dasar (PPD) is an open-accessed and peer-reviewed scholarly journal published by the Department of Elementary School Teacher Training of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, in collaboration with Himpunan Dosen PGSD Indonesia (HDPGSDI). PPD focuses on elementary/primary education ...