This study aims to determine the role of Islamic scholars in developing Islamic education, then analyze the contribution of the Islamic organization Nahdlatul Ulama (NU). This research method is a library study (library research) with historical documents (historical document research) with a qualitative approach. Data obtained from two search sources, “Google Scholar” and “ScienceDirect.” The discussion in this article identifies, first, the role of Islamic scholars in developing Islamic education, namely: managing Islamic boarding schools as centers of Islamic education; maintaining Islamic identity and nationalism; establishing and managing madrasas; teaching Islam informally; and helping maintain social stability. Second, the contribution of the Islamic organization Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) includes maintaining Islamic boarding schools as centers of Islamic education, developing a curriculum based on Islamic tradition, instilling a spirit of nationalism through education, establishing madrasas and non-formal educational institutions, and maintaining traditional Islamic educational networks. In addition to preserving religious heritage, these ulama and the NU organization taught the next generation about knowledge and a sense of nationalism, strengthening the foundation of Indonesian society during the colonial period.
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