<![CDATA[Standardized testing systems in primary education are increasingly criticized for their inability to comprehensively measure 21st-century competencies. This study aims to analyze trends in formative and portfolio assessment as alternatives to standardized tests in primary education contexts. This research employs a systematic literature review approach of 30 scientific articles published between 1990-2025, focusing on the implementation of formative and portfolio assessment in primary education. Findings indicate that portfolio assessment enhances student engagement in learning processes, provides a holistic view of competency development, and supports constructivist learning principles. Formative assessment integrated with technology (e-portfolios) proves effective in providing continuous feedback and authentically documenting students' learning progress. Formative and portfolio assessment offer a more comprehensive, humanistic approach aligned with 21st-century competency demands compared to traditional standardized tests, although implementation requires adequate teacher preparation and infrastructure support.]]>
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