Sustaining Integrity: The Role of Education and Macroeconomic Variables for Corruption Eradication

Indah Susilowati (Universitas Diponegoro)
Andi Kurniawan Karta Negara (Universitas Diponegoro)
Muhammad Syariful Anam (Universitas Diponegoro)
Hizbul Khootimah Az Zaakiyyah (Universitas Diponegoro)
Ramadhanti Dara Sakinah (Universitas Diponegoro)
Aini Nur Furoida (Universitas Diponegoro)

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan (JESP)
Vol 16, No 1 (2024)

This study aims to analyze the effect of education level and several macroeconomic variables on the corruption index in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) member countries. This study uses the two-stage least square (2SLS) estimation method. This study found that the lifelong learning index, higher education participation, and foreign direct investment have a negative and significant effect on corruption in all APEC member countries and developing country members. Secondary education  and government efficiency index have a negative and significant effect on corruption in all  countries (all member states, developed and developing  countries). GDP per capita and economic openness have a positive and significant effect on corruption levels in APEC member states and developing countries. The fight against corruption must be immediately implemented as a political influence. Delaying this will reduce the effectiveness of future policies. Institutional reforms bring more positive benefits in countries that are really fighting corruption.