Priviet Social Sciences Journal
Vol. 5 No. 11 (2025): November 2025

Functional cookies from Spinach flour: A community-based food innovation to improve child nutritional status

Ratnawati T. (Unknown)
Anwar Lubis (Universitas Negeri Makassar)
Slamet Widodo (Universitas Negeri Makassar)
Muliani Muliani (Unknown)



Article Info

Publish Date
07 Nov 2025

Abstract

Stunting in early childhood remains a major public health problem that significantly affects growth, cognitive development, and disease susceptibility. One of the key nutritional factors contributing to stunting is iron deficiency, which is closely linked to anemia and metabolic impairment. Spinach   is an affordable and locally available source of iron; however, its utilization in innovative food products for children is still limited. This study aimed to develop spinach flour–based cookies as an alternative supplementary food (PMT) to prevent stunting. An experimental design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three different formulations of spinach flour was applied. Organoleptic evaluation covering appearance, color, texture, aroma, and taste was carried out by trained panelists, and data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by the Mann–Whitney test for significant differences. The nutritional composition was further examined using proximate analysis. The findings showed that the addition of spinach flour improved the iron content and dietary fiber levels while maintaining acceptable sensory qualities. Proximate analysis of the selected formula indicated moisture (3.40%), ash (3.14%), fat (28.88%), protein (6.93%), fiber (37.43%), and carbohydrate (57.65%) contents. These results suggest that spinach flour cookies can be a functional and culturally acceptable snack, providing a promising strategy to address iron deficiency and contribute to stunting-prevention programs. Further clinical and community-based trials are recommended to validate their efficacy in improving the nutritional status of children.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

PSSJ

Publisher

Subject

Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

Description

PSSJ: Priviet Social Sciences Journal is an open access, monthly peer-reviewed international journal published by PRIVIETLAB. It provides an avenue to academicians, researchers, managers and others to publish their research work that contributes to the knowledge and theory of Social Sciences. PSSJ ...