<![CDATA[Buffalo farming plays an important role in supporting rural livelihoods and maintaining local livestock resources. However, the sustainability of buffalo agribusiness is influenced by farmers’ socio-economic conditions, management practices, and the efficient use of available resources. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of buffalo farmers, examine the income level and economic efficiency of smallholder buffalo farming, identify socio-economic factors affecting farmers’ income, and formulate development strategies for buffalo agribusiness. The research used a survey approach involving 37 smallholder buffalo farmers selected purposively. Data were collected through interviews and supporting documents and analyzed using descriptive methods, farm income evaluation, and strategic analysis. The results show that buffalo farmers generally have sufficient experience and capability in managing their farming activities. Buffalo farming provides promising income and good economic prospects for farmers. Farmers’ age and experience in raising buffalo contribute positively to their income levels. Development strategies emphasize the importance of government support in utilizing local feed resources such as sago, improving supervision of buffalo slaughter and marketing activities, providing better access to market information, and offering training on feed processing from agricultural residues such as straw to support sustainable buffalo farming development.]]>
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