International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS)
Vol 17, No 2: June 2026

Design and implementation of a dual microcontroller-based smart headlight control system using a dynamic load adjustment mechanism

Liew Hui Fang (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP))
Rosemizi Abd Rahim (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP))
Muhammad Izuan Fahmi Romli (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP))
A. A. M. Ezanuddin (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP))
Shamshul Bahar Yaakob (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP))



Article Info

Publish Date
01 Jun 2026

Abstract

Conventional automotive headlamp systems operate using fixed illumination levels and manual beam levelling, limiting adaptability to dynamic driving conditions such as vehicle load variation, speed changes, and ambient light fluctuations. These static systems may result in reduced visibility, increased glare, and inefficient energy usage. This paper presents a dual microcontroller-based smart headlight control system incorporating a dynamic load adjustment mechanism for real-time regulation of beam intensity and angle. Unlike conventional single-controller configurations, the proposed architecture distributes control tasks between two dedicated microcontrollers to enhance modularity and processing stability. The first controller performs adaptive intensity regulation through speed-dependent low-beam dimming and LDR-based high-beam glare control, while the second controller enables automatic beam levelling using rear suspension load sensing to compensate for vehicle pitch variations. The system was validated through Proteus simulation and hardware prototyping. Experimental results demonstrate low-beam modulation at 30%, 80%, and 100% brightness levels, high-beam voltage control from 0.04 V to 1.82 V, and adaptive beam angle adjustments under varying load conditions. Approximately 90% simulation-to-hardware agreement confirms system reliability. Compared to conventional systems, the proposed design offers improved adaptive illumination, glare mitigation, and energy-aware operation, supporting integration into modern LED-based automotive lighting platforms and electric vehicles.

Copyrights © 2026






Journal Info

Abbrev

IJPEDS

Publisher

Subject

Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Description

International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS, ISSN: 2088-8694, a SCOPUS indexed Journal) is the official publication of the Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES). The scope of the journal includes all issues in the field of Power Electronics and drive systems. ...