Reorientasi Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak dalam Perjanjian Baku di Indonesia dalam mewujudkan Keadilan Kontraktual Berbasis Asas Proporsionalitas

Suparwi Suparwi (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta)
Firstnandiar Glica Aini Suniaprily (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta)
Hanuring Ayu Ardhani Putri (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta)
Nourma Dewi (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta)
Adhy Nugraha (Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta)

Jurnal Penelitian Serambi Hukum
Vol 19 No 02 (2026): Jurnal Penelitian Serambi Hukum Vol 19 No 02 Tahun 2026 (Februari-Juli)

The principle of freedom of contract, as stipulated in Article 1338 of the Civil Code, forms the legal foundation of contracts in Indonesia. In practice, the proliferation of standard-form contracts has led to this principle often being merely formal in nature, as one party lacks adequate opportunity to negotiate the contract’s terms. This study aims to analyze the shift in the meaning of the principle of freedom of contract in standard-form contracts and to formulate a reorientation model focused on contractual justice. The study employs a normative legal methodology using legislative, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The results of the study indicate that the application of the principle of freedom of contract in standard form contracts has shifted from the concept of absolute freedom toward a freedom limited by the principles of balance, good faith, and protection of the party with weaker bargaining power. Therefore, a reorientation of the principle of freedom of contract is necessary through the application of the principle of proportionality as an instrument to create contractual relationships that are fair, balanced, and provide legal certainty.