Manajemen Risiko Keselamatan Pandu Laut dalam Operasional Tangga Pandu di Pelabuhan Indonesia

TP Manungku (Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang)
Awel Suryadi (Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang)
Romanda Annas Amrullah (Politeknik Pelayaran Surabaya)
Akhmad Ndori (Politeknik Pelayaran Banten)
Arika Palapa (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran Jakarta)

Jurnal Marine Inside
Vol 8 No 1 (2026)

Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Research and Development (R&D) untuk mengembangkan dan memvalidasi sistem manajemen risiko serta keselamatan kerja bagi pandu laut yang menggunakan pilot ladder di pelabuhan-pelabuhan Indonesia. Mengacu pada model pengembangan Borg & Gall (2023), data diperoleh melalui Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) terhadap 24 pandu laut di tiga pelabuhan utama, 94 observasi operasional kapal, analisis dokumen 47 insiden kecelakaan, serta metode Delphi yang divalidasi oleh 12 ahli melalui tiga putaran konsensus. Hasil penilaian risiko mengidentifikasi delapan tema risiko, di mana risiko jatuh dari tangga pandu ditetapkan sebagai risiko KRITIS (Probability = 4, Consequence = 5, Risk Priority Number/RPN = 20). Fase validasi Delphi mencapai konsensus sebesar 91,1% (Kendall’s W = 0,74; p < 0,001). Uji coba lapangan terhadap 46 pandu laut menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada skor pengetahuan keselamatan (dari 62,3 menjadi 81,5; p < 0,001) serta tingkat kepatuhan terhadap Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) (dari 59,1 menjadi 84,4; p < 0,001). Produk akhir berupa sistem manajemen risiko pertama yang divalidasi khusus bagi pandu laut di Indonesia, yang mencakup SOP Keselamatan Tangga Pandu dalam tujuh bab serta tiga modul pelatihan berbasis risiko.   This study employs a Research and Development (R&D) design to develop and validate a risk management and safety system for marine pilots utilizing pilot ladders in Indonesian ports. Based on the development model by Borg & Gall (2023), data were gathered through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) involving 24 marine pilots across three major ports, 94 ship operation observations, an analysis of 47 incident documents, and the Delphi method validated by 12 experts over three rounds. The risk assessment identified eight risk themes, with falling from the pilot ladder categorized as a CRITICAL risk (Probability = 4, Consequence = 5, Risk Priority Number/RPN = 20). The Delphi validation phase achieved a 91.1% consensus (Kendall’s W = 0.74; p < 0.001). Field trials involving 46 marine pilots demonstrated significant improvements in safety knowledge scores (from 62.3 to 81.5; p < 0.001) and compliance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) (from 59.1 to 84.4; p < 0.001). The resulting product is the first risk management system specifically designed and validated for marine pilots in Indonesia, consisting of a seven-chapter SOP on Pilot Ladder Safety and three risk-based training modules.