Fundamental and Applied Research in Medicine and Allied Sciences Indonesia
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): May, 2026

Evaluation of the Potential of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) in Increasing Oral Bioavailability of Low-Solubility Drugs

Muhammad Nurul Fadel (Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus)
Emma Jayanti Besan (Universitas Muhammadiyah Kudus, Indonesia)
Dzukharian Munandar (Poltekkes Kemenkes Jayapura, Indonesia)
Husnunnisa (Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau, Indonesia)
Cut Intan Annisa Puteri (Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, Indonesia)



Article Info

Publish Date
05 May 2026

Abstract

Losartan potassium, a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drug, exhibits poor aqueous solubility and limited oral bioavailability. This study aimed to develop and optimize a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) to enhance its dissolution and absorption. SNEDDS formulations were prepared using Capmul MCM C8, Tween 80, and PEG 400 based on solubility screening and ternary phase diagram analysis. The optimized formulation (F3) was evaluated for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), in vitro drug release, pharmacokinetics, and stability. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in experimental rats Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in experimental rats (n = 3 per group) to assess bioavailability. The optimized SNEDDS produced nanoemulsions with a droplet size of 68.3 nm, low PDI, and good dilution stability. In vitro studies demonstrated rapid drug release (>96% within 30 minutes), significantly higher than the plain suspension. Pharmacokinetic results showed a 3.09-fold increase in bioavailability and a 2.79-fold increase in Cmax without altering Tmax. Stability studies confirmed good physicochemical stability over six months under ICH conditions. In conclusion, SNEDDS is a promising strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs such as losartan potassium.

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Journal Info

Abbrev

farmasi

Publisher

Subject

Description

Fundamental and Applied Research in Medicine and Allied Sciences Indonesia is an international peer-reviewed open access journal dedicated to publishing high-quality research in public health and related disciplines. The journal provides a platform for researchers, academics, and practitioners ...